SPINUS. 399 



distinct white patch ; lower parts entirely lemon-yellow. Adult 

 female: Above plain grayish olive-green, beneath light greenish 

 yellow ; no black on head ; wings and tail as in the male, but less 

 deeply black, the white more restricted. Young : Similar to adult 

 female, but tinged more or less with buffy, the wing-coverts tipped 

 with buflt'.) 

 (P. Adult male with back and ear-coverts plain olive-green. Nest and 

 eggs like those of S. tristis, the latter smaller, averaging .59 X 

 .44. Hab. Western United States, north to northern California, 

 Oregon, Utah, and Colorado, south (in winter at least) to Lower 

 California, Souora, Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas. 

 530. S. psaltria (Say). Arkansas Goldfinch. 

 d^. Adult males with back and ear-coverts either " solid" black or more 

 or less mixed with black, 

 e^ Adult males with back or ear-coverts, or both, more or less 

 mixed with olive-green. Hab. Southwestern United States 

 and contiguous portions of Mexico, north to Arizona and 

 Colorado (accidentally ? to Alameda County, California), 

 east to Texas and Nuevo Leon, Mexico. 



530«. S. psaltria arizonae (Coues). Arizona Goldfinch. 



e'. Adult males with back and ear-coverts " solid" glossy black, and 



yellow of lower parts brighter than in other races. Hab. 



Mexico (except northwestern portions) and south to Costa 



Eica; north to southern Texas 5306. S. psaltria mexi- 



cana (Swains.). Mexican Goldfinch. 

 &l Outer surface of wing-coverts, secondaries, and primaries chiefly yellow. 

 (Inner w^ebs of tail-feathers with a subterminal white patch.) 

 Adult male: Anterior part of head, all round, including throat and 

 fore-part of crown, black; above brownish gray (the back sometimes 

 tinged with olive-green), changing to bright yellowish olive-green 

 on rump ; sides of head and lateral under parts lighter brownish 

 gray, becoming white on lower tail-coverts and middle of belly; 

 chest and breast yellow. Adult female: Similar to male, but with- 

 out black of head, and colors generally duller, the yellow less dis- 

 tinct. (In winter, both sexes colored as in summer, but plumage 

 softer, with colors more subdued.) Young : Similar to adult female, 

 . . but duller, with yellow, especially on breast, much less distinct, 

 and lower parts indistinctly streaked. Length 4.50-4.70, wing 

 2.50-2.85, tail 2.00-2.25. Eggs 3-5, .58 X .44, pure white or buffy 

 white. Sab. California ; southeastward, in winter, to Arizona (Fort 



Whipple) 531. S. lawrencei (Cass.). Lawrence's Goldfinch. 



Inner webs of tail-feathers without white spot, but with basal portion yellow ; 

 secondaries or primaries, or both, also yellow at base. 

 b^. Plumage not streaked, the head parti}', or entirely, black in adults. 



c\ Adult (sexes alike ?) : Head, all round, fore-neck (down to chest), wino-s, 



