HOPEWELLIAN REMAINS NEAR KANSAS CITY — WEDEL 103 



The associated traits in stone, bone, horn, and other materials 

 represent a somewhat greater variety than occurs in most of the 

 known Plains archeological complexes. Work in chipped stone 

 includes numerous heavy stemmed and a few triangular projectile 

 points (pi. 4, N, O), medium to large end scrapers (pi. 4, P), a 

 variety of knives and side scrapers, drills of straight and expanded- 

 base types, stemmed "snub-nose" scrapers (pi. 4, K), and various 

 heavier agricultural, skinning, and other tools (pi. 4, Q). The 

 largest chipped specimen was a well-made brown chert or jasper 

 blade with rounded ends measuring lO^^ by 3 inches. Ground stone 

 objects included diorite and hematite celts (pi. 4, M), large and 

 small three-quarter grooved axes (pi. 4, L), quartzite balls and 

 mullers, and cone-shaped or mammiform objects whose use is un- 

 known (pi. 4, /). The unquestionably inclusive presence of grooved 

 axes, including one unfinished specimen, is of interest. Implements 

 of this type are not unknown in surface collections throughout the 

 Plains, but so far as I am aware, the archeological complex in which 

 they belong has never before been definitely established by excava- 

 tion. Several lumps of pumice were evidently used as abradants. 

 No pipes or pipe fragments were found. 



Among the artifacts in bone are deer metapodial beamers of "draw- 

 shave" type (pi. 4, A), various forms of awls, needles, a dressed 

 deer-toe bone perforated lengthwise for cup and pin game, a long 

 thin mat-weaving needle, imitation perforated bear teeth (pi. 4, ^), 

 a small carving of a bird head evidently broken from a larger 

 object, and several unidentified forms. Conspicuously absent from 

 the Renner site was the otherwise highly typical Plains digging tool 

 or hoe made from the scapula of the bison, though the type occurs 

 commonly in nearby sites of different cultural affinities and probably 

 of later date. Socketed conical projectile points with characteristic 

 single basal tangs (pi. 4, Z>), curved "cylinders" or tapping tools 

 (pi. 4, F), flakers (pi. 4, O), and strainers (?) (pi. 4, E) were made 

 of deer horn, while from various caches were taken several more or 

 less complete sets of antlers. Shell was scarce; the only worked 

 fragment found was small and nondescript, with a single perforation. 



One small worked piece of probable native copper was recovered. 

 There was no metal, glass, or other material in any way suggesting 

 contact with Europeans. 



No burials were found during the course of our excavations, but 

 some years ago an earth mound was partially dug over by Shippee 

 and Henneman on the bluffs overlooking the village site from the 

 west. Interments included four stone-covered bundle and two full- 

 length burials, as well as four unattached skulls. Scattered about 

 through the mound dirt were pieces of red and yellow ochre and 



