NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF TENNESSEE WETMORE 235 



Wayne County, and from there across the north. Migrants of this 

 race occur all through Tennessee. 



Specimens taken at Frayser, April 8, and near Hickory Withe, 

 April 12 and 15, are representatives of the northern bird and are as- 

 sumed to be breeding individuals. A series of five from the Holston 

 Mountains adjacent to Shady Valley, secured on June 2, 3, and 12, all 

 have the darker sides and large white area on the outer rectrix char- 

 acteristic of the northern race. The elevations at which these birds 

 were collected range from 2,800 to 3,300 feet. Two birds from the 

 center of the valley, however, are canaster. A series secured by W. H. 

 Fox near Rockwood is somewhat confusing, since birds that may be 

 assigned to both races are included. Five taken on March 16 and 

 April 7, 8, 14, and 15 are referable to true erythrophthalmus. They 

 may come from a different elevation than one other that I consider 

 oanaster. Though part may be migrants, it seems probable that part 

 are breeding birds. This may be an area of intergradation. 



Other specimens, taken in fall where they may have been migrant 

 from the north, include birds from the following localities: Tipton- 

 ville, October 20 ; Samburg, October 14 ; Dover, October 25 ; Pulaski, 

 November 1 and 2 ; and Frankewing, November 4. 



PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS CANASTER Howell: Alabama Towhee 



As indicated above, the ranges of the two forms of towhee found 

 in Tennessee can be determined only in general from the material 

 at hand. It appears that the Alabama towhee, P. e. canaster^ is 

 found from Wayne County eastward throughout the southern section 

 of the State, its area increasing to the northward as the eastern border 

 is approached. Two males taken on May 10 and 15 at points 8 and 

 10 miles north of Waynesboro fall within the limits of canaster in 

 color of sides and in the extent of the white on the outer rectrix, 

 this measuring 33.0 and 34.5 mm (the latter bird tending to be inter- 

 mediate but nearer erythrophthalmus). Another taken 8 mil6s north 

 of Waynesboro on May 15, with the tail spot 32.9 mm, has the sides 

 appreciably darker than the other two and is more definitely an 

 intermediate individual. An immature male shot 6 miles east of 

 Pulaski on November 4 is typical of the Alabama form. (Two speci- 

 mens of erythrophthalmus from this same region taken in November 

 may be northern migrants.) A male from 9 miles southeast of 

 Spencer in Van Buren County, May 21, is canaster., as are three from 

 Birds Creek 7 miles southwest of Crossville. A male taken by W. H. 

 Fox near Rockwood on April 1, 1885, has the tail spot only 28.6 mm 

 long and is considered intermediate because of the darker color of 

 the sides. Three others from near this same point seem typical of 

 erythrophthalmMS^ indicating that the line of intergradation is near. 



