REVISION OF PORICHTHYS— HUBBS AND SCHULTZ 477 



all those referred to Porichthys lacks the complex photophores 

 (Greene, 1899) so characteristic of the group. The photophores in 

 Aphos seem to be totally lacking, despite the statement by Evermann 

 and Radcliffe for the type of Porichthys afuerae (which we regard as 

 a synonym of Aphos porosus) that "the lines of phosphorescent organs 

 are essentially the same as in P. murgaritatus, but much smaller and 

 less clearly defined, in some places being almost invisible." Presum- 

 ably these authors were confusing the pores and the photophores, for 

 the type of afuerae shows no photophores. 



In other respects, so far as apparent, Aphm agrees with Porichthys^ 

 as that genus is here defined, but the one distinction is regarded as 

 fully sufficient for generic separation. We do not, however, agree 

 with Ribeiro (1915) in regarding the characters as of family signifi- 

 cance. 



The one species of Aphos occurs in Peru and Chile, where it is the 

 only representative of the Porichthys gToup. 



Aphos, from a, without + <^ws, light. 



APHOS POROSUS (Valenciennes) 



Batrachus porosus *Valenciennes, in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837, pp. SOS- 

 SOT, pi. 368 (original description).— Gay, 1848, p. 296 (Valparaiso), 



Porichthys porosus *Gieaed, 1855a, p. 141 (new combination). — *GiJNTHES, 1861, 

 p. 177 (description). — * Jordan, 1884b, p. 41 (teeth). — *Meek and Haix, 

 1885, pp. 55, 56 (diagnosis, synonymy). — Reed, 1897, p. 661 (Valparaiso). — 

 STE3NDACHNER, 1898, p. 306 (Iquiquo, Chile).— Delfin, 1901, pp. 89-90 

 (synonymy, records). — Fowlek, 1916, p. 65 (Valparaiso). — Thompson, 1916, 

 pp. 456, 458 (Tome, Chile). (Type locality: Valparaiso, Chile.) 



Batrachus chilensis *Gay, 1848, p. 297 (original description). — Reed, 1897, p. 661. 

 (Type locality indicated only by name of species.) 



Porichthys afuerae *Evermann and ILvdci-iffe, 1917, pp. 152-153, pi. 14, fig. 1 

 (original description). (Type locality: Lobos de Afuera, Peru.) 



The examination of new material (table 2) fails to confirm Ever- 

 mann and Radcliffe 's (1917) separation of a larger-headed Peruvian 

 species (afioerae) from the typical, Chilean porosus. These authors 

 indicated that the length of the head in the types of afuerae enters the 

 standard length 3 times and the total length 3,6 or 3.41 times (two 

 statements), whereas in P. porosus the head is contained 4.66 times in 

 the total length, according to Giinther. 



In addition to the fishes listed in table 2, we have examined the 

 following material, all very small specimens collected by Dr. W. L. 

 Schmitt in Peru, during January 1935: U.S.N.M. no. 101722 (18 

 specimens), Afuera, Lobos Islands, North Bay, 12 fathoms, January 

 17; nos. 101723 (1 specimen) and 101724 (8 specunens), all from 

 Afuera, Lobos Islands, South Bay, 14 to 16 fathoms, January 17; 



