ABT. 11 NORTH AMERICAN TADPOLES — WRIGHT 6 



b>. Tail sometimes with black tip; eyes plainlj' visible from ventral a^ect; inner 

 face of upper labial edge with no l)lack pointed excrescences; lower man- 

 dibular prolongation light; general coloration black with purplish gray or 

 hair brown dots; venter with white or yellowish bands and large blotches; 

 sides of body with same coloration; light band at base of tail musculature 

 prominent (even in alcohol). 

 Egg with truncate outer envelope, giving mass a mosaic appearance on water's 



surface^. 

 Virginia-Florida- Texas, and up Mississippi River to Indiana. (PI. 1, fig. 5.) 



Gastrophryne carolinensis. 



a'. Mouth disk present; upper and lower labial teeth; labial papillae; at least 

 the upper horny beak present; nostril free of mouth; eyes dorsal close 

 together; tail tip rounded. 



6'. Spiracle median near insertion of hind legs than tip of snout; labial teeth 

 r-.-^'-s^rxTs', upper labial teeth at least two rows to a ridge; no lower beak; 

 many rows of papillae on edge of lower labium; mouth large and round; 

 anus median; black or blackish brown tadpoles speckled with black; tail 

 may be of body color or spotted with creamy white; upper tail crest not 

 extending on to the body. (After Gaige.) 

 Washington-California. (PL 1, fig. 6.) Ascaphus truei (Discoglossidae). 



62. Spiracle sinistral; upper labial teeth not with two close rows on each ridge; 

 labial teeth i, f , |, |, |, |, i to |; upper and lower horny beaks; papillae on 

 lower edge of labium absent or in one or two rows. 



c'. Anus median; spiracle lateral below the lateral axis (of tail musculature 

 projected) sometimes as much ventral as lateral; upper tail crest extends 

 on to the body to a vertical nearer hind legs than the spiracle or only half 

 way; viscera visible (in preserved specimens) through the skin of the belly. 



rf". Labial teeth | to f ; papillae extending completely around the border of the 

 labium except for a short toothed median interval above (sometimes absent 

 in one species); papillary border not emarginate on each side; eyes nearer 

 mid-dorsal line than lateral outline, on lateral axis; tadpoles 24.5-65 mm. 

 in length; spiracle a slit, very low on side, about on the level of the mouth; 

 in general verj- bronzy tadpoles; myotomes of tail musculature well indi- 

 cated (Scaphiopodidae) . 



e'. Teeth f, |, f, |; inner papillae present; spiracle equidistant between eye and 

 base of hind legs or vent; eye 1.4-1.8 nearer tip of snout than to the spir- 

 acle, average 1.52; internasal space in interorbital space 1.28-1.83, average 

 1.56; depth of body 1.75-2.5 in body length, average 2.04; muscular part 

 of tail in depth of tail 1.45-2.5, average 1.98; last lower row of teeth longer 

 than horny beak. Last lower row of teeth 1.5 times in next to lowest row 

 of teeth. Egg mass an irregular cylinder, at first bandlike. 

 Massachusetts-Florida-Texas, and Arkansas. (PL 1, fig. 4.) 



Scaphiopus holbrookii. 



e2. Teeth |, |, |, |; inner papillae generally absent or scarce; spiracle nearer eye 

 than hind legs or vent; eye 1.0-1.6 nearer tip of snout than to spiracle; 

 depth of body 1.6-2.0 in body length, averages 1.79, 1.9; last lower (fourth) 

 row of teeth less than or ^ of the horny beak. 



/'. Tadpole large (65 mm.) ; teeth |, rarely 4 or |; upper fringe of papillae broken 

 in middle by a row of teeth; eye 1.1-1.3 nearer tip of snout than to the spir- 

 acle, average 1.2; muscular part of tail 2.25-2.66 in depth of tail, average 

 2.43; width of body in its own length 1.55-1.9, average 1.66; depth of 

 body 1.06-1.15 in body width, average 1.09; spiracle 1.25-1.6 nearer eye 

 than base of hind legs or vent, average 1.37; internasal space 2.5-2.75 in 

 interorbital space, average 2.6; third lower labial row usually broken in 



