THE HERMIT WARBLER. 193 



again in tlie valley of the Cascade River, near Marblemount, breeding, un- 

 doubtedly, in both places. Here we allowed the notes, ooci, ivoozi Icooli to 

 pass for some time, unchallenged, as those of the Hermit Warbler, but finally 

 caught a fo-wnsciuli in the act at fifteen feet. There is, to be sure, a lisping, 

 drawling, obstructed quality in the opening notes not found in the typical 

 Hermit song, and possibly not at all, but the lilt at the end, leooli, is insepar- 

 able from the Hermit Warbler, and I do not take it kindly of tozvusciidi to 

 mix up the game so. 



Upon returning to the valley of the Stehekin in June, 1908, Mr. Bowles 

 found the Townsend Warbler a not uncommon breeder. On the 20th of that 

 month he discovered two nests, each containing four newly hatched young. 

 Both were i:)Iaced about twelve feet up in young fir trees, one about five feet 

 out on a limb, the other close against the main trunk. In each instance the 

 brooding female allowed a close approach; then dropped straight to the ground 

 and disappeared. The birds were extremely shy at first but after an hour or 

 so became sufiiciently acctistomed to the human presence to return to their 

 duties within a few minutes after being flushed. But repeated visits failed to 

 discover the males in the vicinity of their nests, and, indeed, they seemed to be 

 wholly occupied with minstrelsy in the tree-tops. 



On the 31st of December, 1905, I saw a Townsend Warbler in the pale 

 winter plumage in Madrona Park, on the border of Lake Washington. He 

 was with a group of Audubon Warblers feeding in the alders, but attention 

 was instantly attracted to the tsip note, which was sharper and more clear-cut 

 than that of the Audubon ; and it had, moreover, a sort of double quality, or 

 central turn, fsiip or chiip. This record of winter residence was further con- 

 firmed by specimens taken at Tacoma by Mr. Bowles the following December 



No. 78. 



HERMIT WARBLER. 



A. O. U. No. 669. Dendroica occidentalis (Townsend). 



Synonym. — WESTERN WarblER. 



Description. — Adult male in breeding plumage: Forehead, crown and sides 

 of head and neck, broadly, rich lemon yellow, sharply defined below by black of 

 chin, throat and upper chest, less sharply above by black of occiput or hind- 

 neck ; this in turn shading thru mingled olive and black into gray of remaining 

 upperparts : upper plumage more or less tinged with olive-green and streaked 

 more or less broadly with black : wings and tail black with grayish edgings ; 

 middle and greater coverts tipped with white forming two conspicuous wing- 

 bars, — outermost part of tail-feathers chiefly white on both webs, ne.xt pair white 

 on terminal half of inner web and third pair marked with longitudinal spot near 

 tip: black of chest with convex posterior outline sharply defined from white of 

 remaining underparts. Bill black ; legs and feet dark brown ; iris brown. Adult 



