BIRDS OF KANSAS. ■ 593 



Jouger than the micklle toe; inner lateral toe the longer. Hind toe rather 

 shorter than the tarsus, bnt longer than the middle toe, owing to the long, at- 

 tenuated and moderately curved hind claw, which is considerably more than 

 half the total length of the toe. Tail rather long, emarginate. Wing very long; 

 considerably longer than the lengthened tail, reaching to its middle. The first 

 primary nearly equal to the longest. The tertials almost as long as the pri- 

 maries." 



Subgenus ANTHUS. 



Tarsus longer than hind toe with claw. Inner web of outer tail featlier 

 chiefly dusky. Eggs pale olive, olive whitish, or pale chocolate brown, thickly 

 freckled with brown (sometimes nearly uniform chocolate brown). {Ridgway.) 



Anthus pensylvanicus (Lath.). 



AMERICAN PIPIT. 

 PLATE XXXIII. 



Migratory; common. Arrive early in April; a few remain 

 until the first of May; the bulk return and leave in October; a 

 few occasionally remain until late in November. 



B. 165. R. 71. C. 89. G. 30, 304. U. 697. 



Habitat. The whole of North America; breeding from Lab- 

 rador, and above timber line in the mountains of Colorado, 

 north to the Arctic coast; winters from the Gulf States south- 

 ward through Mexico to Guatemala. 



Sp. Char. Back, scapulars and top of head plain brownish gray or brown- 

 ish, or with very indistinct darker streaks. Adult, in summer: Above, brown- 

 ish gray or grayish brown, the feathers of top of head and back showing more 

 or less distinct darker centers, most obvious on back; wings and tail dusky, 

 with light brownish gray edgings, the middle and greater coverts tipped with 

 the same; superciliary stripe and lower parts light cinnamon buff, paler on chin 

 and throat, the chest (sometimes sides also) more or less streaked with dusky. 

 Winter plumage: Above, decidedly more brown than in summer; beneath, much 

 duller buffy (without any cinnamon tint), the streaks on breast usually broader. 

 Young: Above, dull brownish gray; beneath, dull brownish white, the chest 

 spotted or broadly streaked with blackish. {Bidgioay.) 



Stretch of 



Iris dark brown; bill — upper dark brown, end of under brown, 

 rest straw color; legs brown; feet dark brown, with bottoms- 

 greenish yellow; claws black. 



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