WOOD WARBLERS 425 



and winter : like summer male, but feathers of crown and hind neck tipped 



with brown and lig-ht edges of feathers on 



throat and chest broader, sometimes almost 



concealing- black centers. Adult female in 



fall and icinter : like summer female, but 



plumage softer, and sides of throat and chest 



more grayish. Young female in Jirst autumn: 



like fall adult female, but crown and hind 



neck like back instead of gray, throat and 



chest yellowish instead of grayish ; marks on 



eyelids yellowish, and streak over lores pale 



yellow. Male : lernith (skins) 4.67-5.44. 



wing- 2.34-2.5(5, tail 2.08-2.48, bill .4;]-.4(l 



Female: length (skins) 4.63-5.04, -wing- 2. 15- „. .... .. .... , w„.ki^« 



2.36, tail 1.1)1-2.28. bill .42-.48. ''^•'"" ^^I''^-S'll--y Warbler. 



Distribution. — Breeds in British Columbia and western United States, 

 from the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast 

 rang-es ; winters in Lower California and Mexico, and from Central Amer- 

 ica to Colombia. 



Nest. — Near ground in clumps of weeds or bushes, often in open places 

 in mountains, made of dried grasses lined with finer grass, and sometimes 

 horsehair. Eggs : 3, white or buffy. speckled on larger end with dark 

 brown and lilac gray, with a few j)en lines and rusty stains. 



The Macgillivray warbler is one of the commonest of western war- 

 blers, frequenting chaparral and underbrush especially near water, 

 from the lower levels to the high mountains, and the appearance of 

 a little gray head peering out shyly from the bushes becomes a pleas- 

 antly familiar mountain sight. 



681a. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewst. Western 

 Yellow-throat.i 

 Adult male. — Forehead and sides of head black, bordered above with 

 white, sometimes tinged with yellow ; rest of upper parts plain olive 

 green ; under parts deep yellow. In win- 

 ter, washed with brown. Adult female : 

 without black, ashy, or white ; upper parts 

 olive brown, often tinged with reddish 

 brown on crown, greenish on tail ; under 

 parts pale yellowish or yellowish white. 

 Young nude in frst irinter : like adult, but 

 black mask less distinct. M(de : length 

 (.skins) 4.53-5.(10, win*;- 2.i7-2.;',6, tail 2.01- 

 2.22. bill .4;;-.4T. Female : length (skins) 

 4.3:;-4.7(J, wing 2.05-2.15, tail 1.03-2.09, 

 bill .41 -.43. 



I (;t'(,thhii>is Irichas scirpicold Griiinell. Tule Yem.ow-thhoat. 



Like iirriilnifiilis, but briKbtcr colored and liir^rer. witli loiii:er tail. 



IHstrihntinu. — Reaideut in fresh water tule beds along coast of soutliern California. 

 {The Ciniilnr. iii. (J.").) 



(irol/ilj//, is Irir/iit.i .titiiin.ia GrinneU. Salt Marsh Yem.ow-thkoat. 



Like otriiliiit'tlix, but anialler, and back and sides darker. 



I)i.s(rihii(it)U. — Resident about .salt marshea of San Franci.sco H.iy and vicinity. {The 

 Condor, iii. (m.) 



