PHALAROPES 85 



scalloped ; wing' with white bar in all plumages. Male in breeding plumage : 



^^^^^0>^ _ iipper parts dark plumbeous, striped on 



_^ <^*^ back with buff and black ; sides of neck 



- ^- _^ /%wt- -' rufous; chest gray; upper throat and 



**^— __>„,^ — belly white. Female in breeding plum- 



Fig. 100. Nortlieni Phalaiope. age : brig-hter colored, rufous extending' 



across throat as well as on sides of neck. Fall and icinter plumage : face, 

 line over eye, and under parts white ; line under eye, and back of head, 

 dusky ; upper parts mainly g-ray. Young : like winter adults, but upper 

 parts darker, striped with buff and black. Length : 7-S, wing- 4.00-4.45, 

 bill .80-.l)(). 



Distribution. — Northern part of northern hemisphere ; in America, 

 breeding- from Alaska to Labrador and Greenland ; south in winter to 

 Guatemala. 



Nest. — A slight dej^ression in the g-round near water; lined with leaves 

 and grass. Fggs : 4, buffy or olive, irregularly spotted with dark browns. 



GENUS STEGANOPUS. 

 224. Steganopus tricolor Vieill. Wilson Phalarope. 



Bill slender, longer than head ; toes with straight-edged marginal mem- 

 branes ; wing- without white bar ; female larger and handsomer than male. 

 Male in breeding plumage : crown and upper parts dusky, touched witli 

 brown ; sides of neck with a chestnut stripe ; throat and chest buffy ; 

 stripe over eye, chin, and belly white. Female in breeding plumage : crown 

 and back bluish gray ; black stripe along sides of head and neck shading' 

 into rich chestnut along' lower neck and shoulders ; chest and lower part of 

 tliroat delicate cinnamon buif ; upper part of throat, belly, and line over 

 eye white. Adults in winter plumage : upper parts plain gray, chest and 

 sides of breast grayish ; rest of under parts white. Young : upper parts 

 dusky, streaked with lig;ht cinnamon ; nnder parts white, with tinge of 

 cinnamon across breast. Feutnle : length 0.40-10.00, wing- 5.20-.").:)0, bill 

 l.;]0-l.;]o, tarsus l.oO-l.;J5. Male: length 8.25-9.00, wing- 4.75-4.80, bill 

 1.25, tarsus 1.20-1.25. 



Distribution. — From British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Quebec ; 

 south in winter to Brazil and Patag-onia ; breeding' from Illinois, Colorado, 

 and Kansas northward, mainly in the interior. 



Nest. — On ground, in slight excavation ; lined with grass. Eggs : o or 

 4, creamy, buff or drab, spotted with dark brown. 



Tliere is not among all our waders a more dainty, ('.\([nisitely 

 cohjred bird than the Wilson phalarope, with its warm, richly blended 

 tints, trim form, and .soft plumage. You find it in small tloeks, 

 swinuuing on the ponds like tiny ducks, or sandpiper-like picking 

 about on the muddy shores. Should j'ou enter its marshy breeding 

 grounds it will Hy anxiously about your head with a low ' croaking ' 

 note, threatening and coaxing to get you away from its nest and 

 young. 



Like tlu; other phalaropes the female is larger and brighter colored 

 than the male and is said to leave most of the incubation and care of 

 the young to her more protectively colored mate. 



V^KUNo.N Baim:v. 



