KEY TO FAMILIES OF LAND BIRDS 



111 



Fig. 152. 



'. Hind claw shorter than its toe and curved ; bill 

 flat, wider than high, slightly hooked at tip. 

 Tyranuidae : Flycatchers, p. 245. 



2'. Back of tarsus sharp-edged. 



3. Primaries apparently only 9, the 10th being 

 only a rudiment. 



Fig. 153. 



Fig. 154. 



Fig. 158. 



o 



4. Outer primary twuce as long as innermost. 

 Hirundinidae : Swallows, p. oS2. 



4'. Outer primary not twice as long as inner- 

 most. 

 5. Bill slender and thin at base. 



6. Hind claw as long as or longer than 



its toe .... Motacillidae : 



Wagtails and Pipits, p. 4ol. 



0'. Hind claw shorter than its toe. 



7. Head crested . . Ampelidae : 



Waxw^ings and 



Phainopeplas, p. 387. 



^ 7'. Head not crested. 



Mniotiltidee : 

 Wood "Warblers, p. 401. 

 Fig. 157. 



5. Bill short and thick or long and thick 

 at base. 

 6. Bill notched at tip and with bristles 

 at gape. 

 O ^ 



Fig. IGl. 



r 



Fig. 159. 



Fig. IGO. 



Fig. 103. 



<cC" 



7. Nostril concealed or overhung, 



or else cutting edge of lowjr 



mandible forming a distinct 



angle . . • Fringillidae : 



r Finches, Sparrows. 



,^^ ^ etc., p. 303. 



Fig. 162. 



7'. Nostril exposed, cutting edges of 

 lower mandible without dis- 

 tinct angle ; males with more or 

 le.s.s red, females greenish and 

 yellowish . . Tanagridae : 

 I'''g-l^'*- Tanagers. p. :;7*.>. 



C. Bill without noteli at ti}) and with- 

 out bristles at base. 

 7. Bill wider than liigli at ba.se; 

 plumage greenish, speekbd. 



Sturnidae : 

 Starlings, p. 285. 



O- 



