NUTHATCHES AND TITS 459 



740b. Parus hudsonicus columbianus Bhoach. Columbian 

 Chkkadke. 



Top of liead hair brown; back lighter brown; sides of head ivhite ; throat 

 blackish ; Hanks dark reddish brown ; median under parts whitish. Wing : 

 2.70, tail 2.04. 



Distribution. — Rocky Mountains from Liard Kiver south to Montana. 



741. Parus rufescens Towns. Chestnut-backed Chickadee. 

 Adults. — Throat blackish brown ; top of head and back of neck hair 



brown ; superciliary black ; back, sides, and flanks dark reddish brown ; 

 rest of under parts and sides of head white. Young : top of head, back of 

 neck, and throat dark sooty brown ; back dull chestnut, tinged with olive ; 

 sides ashv, partly washed with brown. Length : 4.50-5.00, wing- 2.85-2.60, 

 tail 2.00-2.;3O. 



Distribution. — From Alaska south to California, east to Idaho. 



Nest. — In stub, 12 to 40 feet from the ground, lined with cow hair, rab- 

 bit fur, feathers, or moss. Eggs : white, unmarked or minutely spotted 

 with reddish. 



At Cape Disappointment, Washington, Mr. Kobbe found the 

 chestnut-backed chickadees affecting preferably the more open 

 woods along roads and trails. They were very common all the year 

 around, especially during the rainy winters, when large flocks of 

 them could be seen scrambling about on the branches of the drip- 

 ping firs in search of insects. They were often found with Oregon 

 chickadees and golden-crowned kinglets. Their call-note Mr. 

 Kobbe gives as a lisping the-the-the-te-te. 



Mr. Walter Fisher found the birds very abundant on Mt. St. 

 Helena in August and September. 



741a. P. r. neglectus Eidgw. California Chickadee. 



Similar to the chestnut-backed chickadee, but sides and flanks light 

 grayish, only lightly tinged witli brown. Wing : 2.o0-2.()0. tail 2.00-2.20. 



Distribution. — Coast of California, from Monterey northward. 



GENUS CHAMPA. 



General Characters. — Plumag-e soft and loose ; lores and gape bristled ; 

 rounded wing's much shorter than graduated tail ; bill nmch shorter than 

 head, stout; nostrils naked. 



KKV TO Sl'KClES. 



1. Under \y.\\Xs daik iiiddy brown. Coast region of Oregon and California. 



pheea. p. 400. 

 r. Wilder parts light pinkish or yellowisli brown. California, except north- 

 west coast district fasciata, p. 450. 



742. Chamaea fasciata (iamb. Pallid \Vi:i.N-Tn ' 



Upper parts gray, tinged with olive or brown on posterior part ; tail 



' ('hamrra Jascitita interiiiftlia GriiineH. 



Back and upper tail covertB aepia ; tJiroat atul breast (Miuianion rufous. 



IH.ffribution. —Type locality. Palo Alto, California. ( rtu- Coiulor. ii. 86.) 



