Auks, Murres, and Puffins. 



27. Black Guillemot (Cepphus grrlle). L. 13. /ids., 



summer. Black; greater wing-coverts white, black at 

 base; under surface of wings white. Winter. Above 

 gray or black tipped with white; below white. 



Range. — Coasts of northern Europe and North Atlantic; in Ameri- 

 ca breeds from Knox Co., Maine north to southern Greenland; win- 

 ters south to Quebec and Massachusetts; rarely to Toronto, Con- 

 necticut, and Long Island. 



28. Mandt Guillemot {Cepphus mandtii). Similar 

 to No. 27, but bases of greater wing-coverts white. 



Ranee. — Arctic regions; breeds from Labrador and Hudson Bay 

 north to northern Greenland and northern Alaska; in winter migrates 

 but little southward; no satisfactory United States record. 



29. Pigeon Guillemot {Cepphus columba). Similar 

 to No. 27, but inner surface of wings sooty gray. Notes. 

 A squealing, vibrant whistle. 



Range. — North Pacific; breeds from Santa Catalina Island north to 

 Bering Strait, west through Aleutian Islands to Kamchatka and 

 northern Japan; winters in same region. 



30. Murre {Uriatroile). L. 16; B. 1.7. Ads., sum- 

 mer. Above and neck sooty brown; under parts and 

 tips of secondaries white; sides with blackish streaks. 

 Winter. Similar, but throat white washed with sooty. 

 Notes. A hoarse murre and squawking a-r-r-r-r-r-rh. 



Range. — North Atlantic; breeds in North America from Bird Rock, 

 Magdalen Islands, north to southern Greenland; winters south to 

 Maine and, rarely, Ontario. 



30a. California Murre {U. t. californicd). Similar 

 to No. 30 but larger, W. 8. 2; B. 1. 9. 



Range. — North Pacific; breeds from Pribilof Islands south to Farall- 

 ones; winters south to southern California. 



3 la. Brunnich Murre {Uria lomvia). Similar to 

 No. 30, but bill shorter, B. 1.2. In summer, 

 head and throat browner, lower mandible swollen at 

 sides and grayish at base. 



Range. — North Atlantic and eastern Arctic: breeds in North Amer- 

 ica from Bird Rock, Magdalen Islands, north to Greenland; winters 

 south to New Jersey and along St. Lawrence to Lakes Champlain and. 

 Ontario, rarely to Lake Michigan. 



31. Pallas Murre {U.l.arra). Similar to No. 

 31, but larger; W. 8.6; B. 1. 5. Notes. "A peculiar 

 growling or hoarse chattering note." (Nelson.) 



Range. — North Pacific; south to Kadiakand Kamchatka. 



32. Razor-billed Auk {A lea torda). L. 16.5. 

 Ads., summer. Above sooty black, foreneck browner; 

 tips of secondaries, line from bill to eye, and under 

 parts, white. Winter. Similar, but foreneck white. 

 Yng. Similar to winter ad. but without eye line. Notes. 

 A hoarse grunt or groan. 



Range. — North Atlantic; breeds from Bird Rock, Magdalen Islan Is, 

 north to Greenland; winters south to Long Island and, rarely, to On- 

 tario and North Carolina. 



33. Great Auk {Plautus impennis). L. 29; W. 5. 7. 

 Ads. Above blackish; a large white spot before the 

 eye; secondaries tipped with white; sides of neck and 

 the throat seal brown; belly, white. Resembling No. 

 32 in general appearance but body much larger; wing, 

 however, shorter. 



Range. — Formerly, the coasts and islands of North Atlantic, south on 

 American side to Florida (in winter?;; now extinct. 



48 



