Grebes and Loons. 



I. Western Grebe; Swan Grebe (/Echmophorus oc~ 

 cidentalis). L. 26. Ads., summer. Crown and hind- 

 neck black; back grayish brown; sides of head and un- 

 der parts white. Winter. Crown and hindneck like 

 back. Notes. A loud, rattling, grating whistle. 



Range. — Western North America; in summer eastward to Shoal 

 Lake, Manitoba; northward to southern Alaska; breeds locally from 

 northern California and North Dakota northward; winters from British 

 Columbia to Central Mexico. 



7. Loon (Gavia intber). L. 32. Ads., summer. 

 Above, including whole neck, glossy black; throat and 

 neck with white streaks; back and wings with white 

 spots or bars; belly white. Winter Above blackish 

 margined -with grayish', no white spots; below white. 

 Notes. A loud, maniacal laugh. 



Range. — Northern hemisphere; in North America, breeds from 

 Maine, northern Illinois, Minnesota, and northern California north to 

 Greenland and Alaska; winters from about southern limit of breeding 

 range south to Gulf of Mexico, chiefly on coasts. 



8. Yellow-billed Loon (Gavia adamsti). L. 36. 



Similar to No. 7, but larger and bill yellowish or whitish. 

 Notes. Similar to those of No. 7, but harsher. (Murdoch.) 



Range. — "Arctic America west of Hudson Bay, and northern Asia; 

 casual in northern Europe." (A. O. U.) 



9. Black-throated Loon (Gavia arcticus). L. 27; 

 W. 12. Ads., summer. Foreneck and back bluish 

 black; throat, neck, and back streaked or barred with 

 white; crown and nape gray; belly white. Winter. 

 Similar to No. 7, but smaller. Notes. A dismal "too- 

 too-e-e." (Turner.) 



Range.— Northern part of northern hemisphere; in America breeds 

 from Hudson Bay north to Arctic coast; winters south to British Col- 

 umbia, the Great Lakes and, casually, to Long Island. 



10. Pacific Loon (Gavia pacificus). Similar to No. 

 9, but foreneck in summer reflecting deep blue or green; 

 hindneck paler; smaller, W. 11. Notes. A harsh "kok, 

 kok,kok." (Murdoch.) 



Range.— Western North America; breeds at Point Barrow, Alaska, 

 and eastward; winters south along Pacific Coast to Mexico. 



I I . Red-throated Loon {Gavia lumme). L. 25. Ads., 

 summer. Foreneck chestnut, head and neck ashy. 

 Winter. Similar to No. 7, in winter, but back spotted 

 with white. Notes. A harsh "gr-r ga, gr-r, gr-r-ga, 

 gr-r." (Nelson.) 



Range.— Northern part of northern hemisphere; in North America 

 breeds from New Brunswick to Greenland and Hudson Bay, and 

 northwest to Alaska; winters south to South Carolina and southern 

 California. 



44 



