Geese and Brant. 



17 2. Canada Goose (Branta canadensis). L. 38. 

 Ads. A white patch on cheeks and throat; rest of 

 head and neck black; no whitish ring at base of black 

 neck. Yng. Similar but with blackish on white of 

 throat. Notes. A sonorous honk. 



Range.— North America; breeds from Labrador, Minnesota and 

 British Columbia, north chiefly in the interior, to Alaska; winters 

 from Long Island, Illinois and British Columbia south to Mexico and 

 southern California. 



I 72a. Hutchins Goose (5. . hutchirisii). Simi- 

 lar to No. 172, but smaller; L. 30; tail feathers, 14-16. 



Range. — Western North America; breeds in Arctic regions; winters 

 from British Columbia and Kansas south to Lower California and 

 Mexico. 



172b. White-cheeked Goose (B. c. occidentalism . 

 Size of No. 172, but throat blackish, lower neck with 

 white collar. 



72c. Range. — "Pacific coast region, from Sitka, south in winter to Cal- 



ifornia." (A. O. U.) 



I 72c. Cackling Goose (2?. c. minima). Similar to 

 No. 172b, but smaller, L. 24; tail feathers 14-16. 



Range, — Western North America; breeds in Alaska; winters from 

 British Columbia southward; east rarely to Wisconsin. 



173. Brant {Branta bernicla glaucogastra). L. 26. 

 Ads. Sides of neck with white markings; belly whitish. 

 Notes. A guttural car-r-rup, or r-r-r-rouk. (Elliot.) 



Range.— Northern hemisphere; breeds in Arctic regions; winters in 

 America, from Mississippi Valley east, and from Illinois and Massa- 

 chusetts southward; rare in interior. 



174. Black Brant (Urania nigricans). L. 26. Ads. 

 Sides and front of neck with white markings; belly- 

 nearly as dark as back. Notes. A low guttural gr-r-r- 

 r-r; on alarm repeated often with emphasis. (Nelson.) 



Range.— Western North America; breeds in northern Alaska and 

 eastward; winters from British Columbia to Lower California; occas- 

 ional on Atlantic Coast, 



86 



