Grouse and Ptarmigan. 



300. Ruffed Grouse; 'Partridge;' 'Pheasant' (Bon- 



asa umbellus). L. 17. Ad. tf. Prevailing color 

 above rusty brown; tail rusty or gray. Ad. £. Sim- 

 ilar but neck-tufts smaller. Notes. The male pro- 

 duces a drumming sound by rapidly beating its wings; 

 the female utters a cluck and when defending her brood, 

 a singular low whining sound. 



Range.— Eastern United States from Minnesota, southern Ontario, 

 southern New Hampshire and southern Vermont, south to Virginia 

 and along the Alleghanies to Georgia; west to northwestern Arkansas. 



300a. Canadian Ruffed Grouse (B. u. togata). 

 Similar to No. 300, but slightly grayer above; tail 

 generally gray; bars on breast and belly darker and 

 better defined. 



Range. — Spruce forests of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Maine, 

 northern New Hampshire, northern Vermont and south to higher 

 mountains of Massachusetts and northern New York; west to eastern 

 slope of coast ranges of Oregon, Washington and British Columbia; 

 north to James Bay. 



300b. Gray Ruffed Grouse (B. u. umbelloides). 

 Similar to No. 300a, but grayer; prevailing color of 

 upper-parts, including crown, gray; tail always gray. 



Range. — Rocky Mountains, from Colorado north to latitude 65 ° in 

 Alaska, east to Mackenzie and poplar woods of western Manitoba. 



300c. Oregon Ruffed Grouse (B. u. sabini) Sim- 

 ilar to No. 300, but much darker, prevailing color of 

 upper parts rusty brown; tail always rusty brown. 



Range.— Pacific coast ranges from Cape Mendocino, California, 

 north to British Columbia. 



304.? White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus). 

 L. 13. Tail white. Ad. rf, Summer. Breast ibarred, 

 black and white. Ad. 9, Summer. Above black 

 barred with rich buff; below rich buff barred with 

 black. Ads., Fall. Above and breast rich buff fine- 

 ly vermiculated with black. Ads., Winter. Entirely 

 white. Notes. When about to fly and at the begin- 

 ing of flight a sharp cackle like that of a frightened 

 hen. (GrinnellJ 



Range.— "Alpine summits of Rocky Mountains; south to New 

 Mexico; north into British America (as far as Fort Halkett, Liard 

 River); west to higher ranges of Oregon, Washington, and British 

 Columbia." (Bendire.) 



304a.? Kenai White-tailed Ptarmigan (L. I. penin- 

 sularis). Similar to No. 304, but in summer buff 

 markings much paler; in fall, colors much grayer. 



Range.— Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. 



118 



