Perching Birds Marked With Red. 



498. Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phamiceus). 

 L- d\ 9-5; W. 4-7; B. .88; depth at base, .5. Ad. tf. 

 Black, in winter more or less tipped with rusty; lesser 

 wing-coverts scarlet; median wing-coverts buff, tips in 

 summer whitish. Ad. $. Above brownish black, 

 widely margined with buffy and rusty; below whitish 

 heavily streaked with black; throat tinged with orange 

 or yellow; lesser wing-coverts tinged with red. Yng. 

 cT. Similar to Ad. c?, but heavily margined with rusty 

 above and less so below; lesser wing-coverts duller and 

 narrowly edged with black. Notes. Call, chut, chuck, 

 a reedy cack; song, a chorus song, a liquid kong-quer-ree; 

 alarm note a shrill chee-e-e-e-e. The notes of this species 

 are subject to much variation with locality, but I find 

 it impossible to express on paper differences perfectly 

 apparent when heard. 



Range.— Eastern North America; breeds from Gulf of Mexico north 

 to New Brunswick and Manitoba; winters from Virginia and southern 

 Illinois southward. 



498a. Sonoran Red-wing {A. p. sonoriensis) . Sim- 

 ilar to No. 498, but larger, bill more slender; 9 paler, 

 streaking below browner. W. ?, 4-8; B .95; depth at 

 base .5. 



Range.— Lower Colorado Valley in California and Arizona, southern 

 Arizona and south over coast plain of Sonora; Cape St. Lucas. 



498b. Bahaman Red-wing {A. p. hryanti). Simi- 

 lar to No. 498, but bill slightly longer, the female 

 streaked below with brownish instead of black. 



Range. — Bahamas and southern Florida. 



498c. Florida Red-wing {A. p. floridanus). Simi- 

 lar to No. 498, but smaller, the bill longer and more 

 slender; cm W. 4.2; B. .9; depth at base .4. 



Range.— Florida, except extreme southern portion; west along 

 Gulf coast to Texas. 



498d. Thick-billed Red-wing (A. p. fortis). Simi- 

 lar to No. 498, but larger, bill shorter and proportion- 

 ately thicker. W. 55 B. .8; depth at base .5. 



Range. — Breeds on Mackenzie River, Athabasca, and other interior 

 districts of British America; during migrations Great Plains, from 

 Rockies to Minnesota, Iowa, western Illinois, northern Kentucky, and 

 southwest to western Texas and Arizona. (Ridgway.) 



498e. San Diego Red-wing {A. p. neutralis). Sim- 

 ilar to No. 498a, but slightly smaller, the 9 with 

 streaks below wider. W. 4-7; B. .95; depth at base .5. 



Range.— Great Basin region from southern British Columbia south 

 to Mexico, western Texas, to southern California and northern Lower 

 California; in winter as far east as Brownsville, Texas. (Ridgway.) 



49 8f. Northwestern Red-wing (A. p. caurinum). 

 Similar to No. 498, but slightly larger, bill somewhat 

 longer and more slender, the 9 with median wing- 

 coverts deeper buff, the $ much darker, streaks be- 

 low wider, darkest $ of group. W. 4-8; B. .9; depth 

 at base .45. 



Range.— Pacific coast from north California to British Columbia; 

 south in winter to southern California. 



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