Perching Birds Marked With Red, 



499. Bicolored Blackbird (Agelaius gubernator 

 califomicus). Ad. tf. Similar to No. 498, but median 

 wing-coverts darker and broadly tipped with black, 

 concealing as a rule, their brownish bases. Ad. £. 

 Very different from 9 of No. 498; above and below 

 blackish slightly edged with rusty. Notes. Similar in 

 character to those of No. 498, but with easily recogniz- 

 able differences. (See page 178.) 



Range.— Pacific coast; breeds from northern Lower California 

 northward, west of Sierra Nevada and Cascade ranges, to Washing- 

 Ion; migratory at north part of range. 



500. Tricolored Blackbird {Agelaius tricolor). 

 Ad. cf . Similar to No. 408, but glossier, lesser wing- 

 coverts darker, median wing-coverts white; in winter 

 black more or less edged with grayish brown; median 

 wing-coverts dingy. Ad. $. No rusty; above black- 

 ish edged with grayish; below black bordered with 

 whitish. Notes. "Said to be quite different'' from 

 those of No. 498. (Bendire.) (See page 178.) 



Range.— Northern Lower California north to southern Oregon; local 

 in valleys of interior. 



523. Aleutian Leucosticte {Leucosticte griseonucba). 

 Like No. 524a, but much darker, breast chestnut- 

 chocolate; larger, W. 4-4. 



Range. — Islands of Bering Sea (resident); In winter, Shumagin 

 Islands, lower portion of Aliaska Peninsula and Kadiak Island. 



524. Gray- crowned Leucosticte (Leucosticte tephro- 

 cotis). L. 6.7; W. 4.1. Ad. <$. Reddish brown 

 more or less tipped with grayish; rump, upper tail- 

 coverts, lesser wing-coverts, outer edges of primaries, 

 and lower belly tipped with pink; forecrown black; 

 hindhead gray; cheeks down to blackish throat brown. 

 Ad. $. Similar but duller. Yng. Nearly uniform 

 "brownish; margins of primaries showing some 

 pink. Notes. A quick alarm note, qui, qui. (Silloway.) 



Range. — Western United States: breeds in higher parts of Sierra 

 Nevada of California, from Mt. Shasta south to Mt. Whitney, and on 

 "White Mountains (Grinnell) ; north in Rocky Mountains to British 

 Columbia; in winter east to Manitoba, Colorado, and Nebraska. 



524a. Hepburn Leucosticte (L. t. littoralis). Sim- 

 ilar to No. 524, but cheeks gray like hindhead; throat 

 often grayish. 



Range. — Higher mountains of Washington and British Columbia; 

 nortn to Alaska; winters south to Colorado and, on Pacific Coast, as 

 far north as Kadiak Island. 



525. Black Leucosticte (Leucosticte atrata). Simi- 

 lar to No. 524, but brown replaced by brownish black 

 in Ad. rj\ or dusky slate brownish in Ad. ? and Yng. 



Range. — Breeds on higher mountains of Idaho and Wyoming; 

 winters south to Colorado and Utah. 



526. Brown-capped Leucosticte {Leucosticte aus- 

 tralis). Resembles No. 524, but little or no gray on 

 hindhead, the black of forehead passing gradually into 

 brown of nape and back. 



Ranp-e. — Breeds in mountains of Colorado at about 12000 feet alti- 

 tude, winters at lower altitudes and south to New Mexico. 



179 



