Perching Birds Chiefly Gray, Black, or Black and White. 



611. Purple Martin {Progne subis). L. 7.8. Ad. 

 J*. Shining blue-black, ail feathers wiih dusky 

 bases. Ad. 9- Above dull blue-black; breast gray- 

 ish edged with white; belly whitish. Yng. $. Var- 

 iously intermediate between 9 and Ad. rj\ 



Range.— North America, except Pacific coast; breeds north to New- 

 foundland and the Saskatchewan; winters in tropics. 



61 la. Western Martin (P. 5. hesperia). <$ similar 

 to c? of No. 611; 9 belly whiter; forehead grayish. 



Range.— Pacific coast from northern Lower California to Washing- 

 ton (and British Columbia?); winters in tropics. 



61 1.1. Cuban Martin {Progne cryptoleuca). W. 5.50. 

 Ad. j*. With feathers of ventral region basally mark- 

 ed with white. Ad. 9 and Yng. rj\ With breast 

 and flanks sooty grayish brown, belly pure white. 



Range.— Cuba, north in spring to southern Florida. 

 K6f2. Cliff Swallow {Peirochelidon lunifrons). L. 

 5.5. Ads. Throat chestnut, forehead and rump cin- 

 namon-buff; nape gray; crown and back glossy blue- 

 black, the back streaked with white. Yng. Throat 

 dusky, often mixed with chestnut; back blackish 

 brown; rump cinnamon-buff, forehead usually with 

 same. 



Range. — "North America, north to the limit of trees, breeding 

 southto the valleys of the Potomac and Ohio, southern Texas, 

 southern Arizona, and California; Central and South America in win- 

 ter; not recorded from Florida or West Indies.'' (A. O. U.) 



612.2. Mexican Cliff Swallow {Peirochelidon me- 

 lanogastra). Similar to No. 612, but smaller, W. 4.1, 

 forehead deeper, usually chestnut, like throat, rump 

 darker, more rusty. 



I Range.— Mexico, north to southern Arizona. 



1/6 13. Barn Swallow {Hirundo erythrogastra). L. 

 /IcT, 7-5; 9, 6.5. Tail deeply forked. Ad. J 1 . Above 

 glossy blue-black, forehead chestnut; throat and upper 

 breast chestnut, belly paler. Ad. 9 • Forehead, and 

 underparts paler; tail less deeply forked. Notes. Song, 

 a sweet, twittering, warbling song. (The notes of all 

 our Swallows, while simple, are dignostic but difficult 

 of description.) 



Range. — North America, north to Greenland and Alaska; breeds 

 through most of range; winters south to southern Brazil. 



/ 614. Tree Swallow {Iridoprocne bicolor). L. 6. 

 Ads. Above steel-blue or steel-green; below white. 

 Yng. Sooty gray above; white below. 



Range.— North America; breeds locally from Lat. 41 on Atlantic 

 coast and Lat. 38 on Pacific coast north to Labrador and Alaska; 

 winters from South Carolina and southern Cnlifornia to the tropics. 



6 15. Northern Violet-Green Swallow (Tachycineta 



thalassina lepida). L. 5.2; W. 4.5. Ad. J\ Above 

 bronze-green; upper tail-coverts greener; an indistinct 

 nape-ring; mark above eye, cheeks and underparts 

 white; flank-patches white, often showing from above. 

 Ad. 9. Much duller, the head browner, Yng. 

 Above brownish sooty with a greenish tinge; a whit- 

 ish mark above and behind eye; below white. 



Range. — Western United States, from eastern base of Rockies to 

 Pacific; breeds from Mexico north to British Columbia; winters in 

 Mexico and Central America. 



250 



