Ill 



FULIGULA. SCAUP-DUCK. 



The Scaup-Ducks, of which Fuligula Marila, F. rufitor- 

 ques, and F. cristata may be considered as the most charac- 

 teristic species, differ from the Pochards chiefly in having the 

 body shorter, the bill much broader, and less elongated, and 

 the membrane of the hind toe wider. They may be described 

 as having the body very large, short, full, and depressed ; the 

 neck moderate or rather short ; the head rather large, oblong, 

 compressed, and roimded above. 



Bill nearly as long as the head, about the same height and 

 breadth at the base, becoming depressed, and enlarging in 

 breadth to the end, which is very broad and semicircular ; the 

 upper mandible with the basal lateral sinuses very short and 

 wide, the upper sinus short, the frontal angles obtuse and 

 little extended, the dorsal line gently declinate for half its 

 length, then nearly direct to the unguis, which is small, 

 obovato-oblong, flattened, and decurved, the ridge broad and 

 flat at the base, gradually narrowed, convex toward the end, 

 the sides at the base rapidly sloping, toward the end gradually 

 more spreading and convex, the edges soft, marginate, con- 

 cealing the ends of the numerous little elevated lamellae ; the 

 nasal sinus small, sub-elliptical, sub-basal ; lower mandible 

 with the intercrural space long and rather wide, the crura 

 slender, with their lower outline nearly straight, the outer 

 lamellae small, the unguis obovate, rather small, and nearly 

 flat. 



Mouth of moderate width ; anterior part of palate broadly 

 concave, with a median prominent line, on which are a few 

 tubercles ; the lateral lamellae slender, little elevated ; those 

 of the lower mandible about double the number. Tongue 

 fleshy, with a deep median groove, papillate at the base, 

 lamelloso-filamentous on the margins, with the tip thin and 



