28 TADORNA VULPANSER. 



When fledged, the young, according to M. Temminck, 

 " have the forehead, the face, the fore and lower part of the 

 neck, the back, and the lower parts white ; the head, cheeks, 

 and nape brown, dotted with whitish ; the scapulars of a 

 blackish- grey, bordered with pale grey; the small coverts of 

 the Avings white, bordered with grey ; the tail terminated by 

 greyish-brown ; bill reddish-brown ; feet of a livid grey." I 

 have not examined them in this state ; but in winter I find 

 them as follows : — 



Young in Winter, — The bill is of a bright carmine 

 tint, inclining to flesh-colour at the base, the intercrural 

 membrane of the latter colour ; the unguis dusky ; the tarsi 

 and toes livid or bluish flesh-colour, the membranes of a 

 purer tint, the claws dusky, with the ridge and tip yelloAv. 

 The fore part of the head, cheeks, and throat, is brown, 

 faintly mottled with whitish ; the rest of the head, and the 

 upper neck, all round greenish-black ; all the feathers slightly 

 tii:)pedwith broAvn. A broad band or ringof Avhite succeeds; 

 then another of light red, minutely dotted Avith dusky and 

 grey, encircles the fore part of the body. The rest of the 

 loAver parts white, excepting a longitudinal medial broad band 

 of dusky spots, tinged Avith broAvn, on the breast and abdo- 

 men. The middle and hind part of the back Avhite, dotted 

 Avith grey, as are the inner scapulars and inner Avebs of some 

 of the outer, Avhich are black. The small Aving-coverts are 

 Avhite, most of them tipped Avith grey ; the secondary coverts 

 grey for half their length. The alular feathers are broAvnish- 

 black, broadly edged internally Avith Avhite ; the small coverts 

 beyond them Avhite. The primaries and their coverts greyish- 

 black, at the base greyish-Avhite ; the outer secondaries 

 similar, but glossed with shining green, and tipped Avith 

 white, as are some of the inner primaries ; three of the inner 

 secondaries have some dull red on their outer Avebs, and the 

 inneiinost are light broAvnish-grey. The tail-feathers are 

 Avhite, and, except the outer tAvo on oacli side, blackish-grey 

 tOAvard the end, that colour more extended on the middle 

 feathers. The colours are thus nearly similar to those of the 

 adult. 



