178 CLANGULA CHRYSOPHTHALMA. 



longitudinally rugous epithelium. The intestine, five feet 

 eight inches long, varies in width from six-twelfths to four- 

 twelfths, and enlarges a little toward the coeca, which are 

 three inches and a half in length, and nearly a quarter of an 

 inch in width, unless at the base. The duodenum turns at 

 the distance of four inches and a half from the pylorus ; the 

 rectum is four inches and a half in length ; and the intestine 

 makes sixteen turns. 



The trachea, which, moderately extended, is nine inches 

 long, has two enormous dilatations, one about the middle, 

 the other at the lower end. For four inches, its width is 

 four-twelfths-and-a-half ; and in this part the rings, which 

 are sixty in number, are narrow and cartilaginous. It then, 

 being extended, forms an oblong expansion two inches and a 

 half in length, and for an inch and a half one inch in breadth. 

 This part, which is composed of thirty thin, flattened, osseous 

 rings, narrowed behind, and placed obliquely, is shortened 

 and collapsed when the bird's neck is contracted, the rings 

 passing within each other, so as to form an obliquely-flattened 

 expansion, Avhich at first one could scarcely conceive to be 

 capable of being extended into so large a cavity. It then 

 contracts to the width of five-twelfths, and in this part has 

 sixteen bony flattened rings, which are narrowed and little 

 ossified behind ; but below this the rings, twenty-five in 

 number, become united, and gradually expand into an irregu- 

 lar cavity, curving toward the right side, and having anteriorly 

 a broad, thin, bony frame, posteriorly a membrane partly 

 ossified. At its lower part this apparatus has in fiout a large 

 prominent bony rim, which winds upwards to the left side, 

 and ends at the bronchus. The greatest breadth of this 

 enormous tjTnpanum is an inch and seven-twelfths. The 

 bronchi, which are separated to the distance of an inch, are 

 very large, with twenty rings, of which all are cartilaginous 

 except the first. The left bronchus, which is longer and 

 wider, has its rings complete, while the ends of those of the 

 other do not meet. 



Length to end of tail 19 inches ; extent of wings 32 ; 

 wing from flexure 9 ; tail 4 ; bill along the ridge 1-^, along 

 the edge of lower mandible l\^ ; tarsus 1-j^j ; hind toe ^, its 



