190 



HARELDA. HARELD. 



I AM acquainted with only one species of this genus, to 

 "W'hich the name of Harelda has been given by Leach and 

 others, apparently a misprint of Havelda or Haveld, which is 

 said to be the Icelandic appellation of this bird. Imagining 

 in my simplicity that the use of barbarous names for genera, 

 however well they may answer for species, ought to be accord- 

 ing to acknowledged rules rejected, and considering that it is 

 a peculiarly arctic bird, nestling " sur les bords de la mer 

 glaciale," and in winter merely keeping on the limits of 

 extreme cold, I thought that Crymonessa, compounded of 

 Kpv/xoQ, ice, and vrjafra, duck, might be as good a generic name 

 as could be found for it. For the present, hoAvever, I follow 

 the multitude. The body is full and depressed ; neck rather 

 short ; head moderate, oblong, compressed, rounded above. 



Bill much shorter than the head, of the same height and 

 breadth at the base, toward the end narrowed ; upper mandi- 

 ble with the frontal angles obsolete, the dorsal line sloping, 

 the ridge broad at the base, the unguis large, roundish, con- 

 vex, decurved, the laminee projecting considerably beyond the 

 margin ; lower mandible with the intercrural space long and 

 narrow, the outer laminae prominent, the unguis broadly 

 elliptical, little convex. 



The tongue fleshy, thick, medially grooved, papillate at 

 the base, laterally ciliated, with the tip thin and rounded. 

 Oesophagus rather Avide. Stomach roundish, very muscular, 

 with rugous epithelium, having the grinding plates roundish. 

 Intestine of moderate length and width ; coeca rather long ; 

 rectum very short. 



Trachea gradually narrowed, at the lower part expanded, 

 having six rings extremely narrowed before, with a trans- 

 versely oblong tympanum, membranous in front. 



Nostrils large, oblong, sub-basal. Eyes rather small. 



