356 UTAMANIA TORUA. 



throat, liind neck, and the rest of the npper parts, are 

 brownish-hhick, the throat paler, with many whitish fila- 

 ments. The white lines from the bill to the eye are distinct, 

 but the secondary quills have no white at the end. The 

 feathers at the lower part of the tibia are dusky. 



Gradually, these first feathers are substituted by others of 

 a firmer texture. Greenish-black quills, coverts, and tail- 

 feathers sprout forth ; the secondaries terminally margined 

 Avith pure white. The other parts are then invested with 

 the new feathers. The cheeks and throat now become white ; 

 so that in this stage the colouring resembles that of the adult 

 in winter, whereas formerly it resembled that of the bird in 

 summer. The bill gradually elongates, assumes a darker 

 tint, and assumes some slight appearance of rugae ; and the 

 feet also become darker. 



On the head, neck, and lower parts, the feathers arc again 

 changed, and at length, by the end of September, the bird 

 has acquired its full winter plumage. It is then as fol- 

 lows : — 



Young in first Winter. — The bill is much smaller 

 than in the adult, and in particular of much less height, 

 and still without any decided appearance of grooves. It is of 

 a uniform bluish-black colour, with the extreme tips horn- 

 coloured, and the upper with distinct notches. The feet and 

 claws are brownish-black. The upper part of the head, 

 including the space from the eye to the bill, is greyish-black, 

 as is the nape ; all the upper parts black tinged with green, 

 excepting the tips of the secondary quills, which are white. 

 The throat, and lower parts in general, are white ; but a 

 dusky band runs along the crura of the lower mandible, a 

 greyish-black streak passes from the cheek over the ear, the 

 white of the side of the head extending beyond it, and the 

 black of the hind neck on each side comes forward on the 

 middle of the throat, becoming pointed and mottled, so as 

 almost to meet that of the other side, and indicating the lower 

 limit of the black in the summer plumage. The white lines 

 from the bill to the eye are faint, the feathers being tipped 

 with black. 



