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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 



VOL. 91 



different localities is small. As with the orbital and nasal indices, it 

 is higher in the females than in the males, owing mainly to a slightly 

 greater relative breadth of the female arch; but the excess is slight, 

 the female-male proportion being approximately 100.7:100. The 

 point of principal interest in tliis connection is the large absolute size 



of the arch. 



Eskimo: Index of the upper alveolar arch 



Group 



Nushagak River... 

 Lower Kuskowim. 

 Upper Kuskowim- 



Yukon River 



West Coast 



Nuni vak Island - . - 



Nelson Island 



St. Michael Island 



Unalakleet 



Norton Bay 



Oolovin Bay 



Rocky Point 



Sledge Island. 



Kovieruk 



Port Clarence 



Wales 



Metlatavik 



Shishmarev 



Gambell, early 



Group 



St. Lawrence and Punuk 



Islands 



Diomede Island 



Northeast Siberia 



Point Hope 



Old igloos, near Barrow.. 



Barrow (Utkiavik).. 



Point Barrow 



Nixerak 



Northern groups (west of 



Hudson Bay) 



Hudson Bay and Straits.. 



Southampton Island 



Northeast groups 

 (west of Greenland and 



Labrador) 



Smith Sound 



Greenland (mainly north- 

 west) 



Female 



(182) 82. 8 



(3) (79.8) 



(15) 84.7 



(93) 

 (33) 

 (13) 

 (33) 

 (13) 



84.7 

 85.7 

 84.8 

 87.4 

 84.3 



(11) 84.4 



(2) (82.9) 



(3) (82.9) 



(12) 87. 6 

 (2) (83.9) 



(40) 86.5 



JUVENILE ESKIMO CRANIA 



For the first time in our studies of the Eskimo, in fact for the first 

 time in the study of any American group or any other human group 

 except possibly that of the Whites, it is possible to present data on a 

 large series of juvenile skulls. From the inception of my work in 

 Alaska I made it a point to collect all such skulls (and skeletons) in 

 good state of preservation, and with additions from some of our other 

 expeditions we have gathered the 80 specimens here reported upon. 

 An additional similar report will also be possible on juvenile crania 

 from the Kodiak Island and the Aleutian chain. 



The specimens are of different ages, from about 3 months after 

 birth to 19 years. The ages have been estimated from the denture 

 and often from other parts of the skeleton. There is not enough in any 

 age category for satisfactory conclusions, but the data give some clear 

 indications, and they are supplemented by records on adult skulls 

 from the same regions. Sex identification has been added only where 

 very palpable. 



Cranial index. — This index is decidedly higher in the young, in 

 every subdivision; but lower indices occur individually from as early 

 as the first year. 



Mean-height index. — This index, conversely to the cranial, is evi- 

 dently relatively low at birth and it gradually rises with age, but it may 

 individually in later childhood reach or even surpass the adult mean. 



