192 IVa/tcr Petersen, 



I. -iT/.o- expresses Similarity. 



100. The name contains some metaphor, which seizes upon some 

 particular quahty or qualities common to a person and e. g. an 

 animal or plant. These names were either nick-names, as at Sparta 

 KwiTz-oq ' Doggy ' was another name for ZsDiiBaij.o? (Herod. 6. 

 71), and could then be given at any time of life, so that the di- 

 minutive idea could be totally absent, or oftener they were per- 

 manent names from the beginning. The latter must have largely 

 developed from the former,^ since nick-names have a tendency to 

 become permanently attached to individuals, and later are trans- 

 ferred to other individuals in a conventional way. Thus the above 

 KuvL(r/.oc is the permanent name of a Lacedaemonian in Xen. An. 

 7. I. 13. Wherever a metaphor contains an element of censure, 

 as in AayifTxa or Aayo)? ' hare ' (because cowardly), we must assume 

 that the word was originally a nick-name and then lost its de- 

 teriorative element ; for one would hardly give his own child a 

 derogatory name except in a humorous way. 



loi. The different words may be classified according to the na- 

 ture of the primitive, i. e. according to the object compared. 



A. The primitive is the name of an animal.'^ ^Aqviaxog : acvoc 

 (gen.) 'lamb.' From EUs in Paus. 6. 16. 7. Botaxu: •/] jjo^ic ' cow.' 

 Corinth Anth. P. 7. 493. Botaxog : 6 |3oO? 'ox.' Thessaly Xen. 

 An. 5. 8. 23, CB. 345. 51, 79 (about 214 B. C.) ; Boeotia CIG. 1570 ; 

 Epirus CB. 1349. 7- Kvriaxa: Yj xyo)v 'bitch.' Sparta Xen. Ag. 

 9. 6 (a sister of Agesilaos) ; Sicily Theocr. 14. 8. Kvviaxoc: 6 x'joiv 

 ' dog.' Sybaris CB. 1653 (as ^wio^oc) ; Sparta (§ 100) ; Man- 

 tinea Paus. 6. 14. II ; Smyrna CB. 5616. 42 (about 300 B. C). 

 Aaylaxu : T^ayo? ' hare.' Strattis frg. 2. 764 tyiv Aaytoxav tyjv 'I<70- 

 xpccTous TioOCkaxr.y. Also Lys. ap. Ath. 592 E. Aeovxiaxog : )i(ov 

 ' lion.' Acarnania CB. 1389. 15 ; Cos CB. 3624 c 57 (third or sec- 

 ond cent. B. C.) ; Rhodes CB. 3762. 9 ; Heraclea CB. 4629. i. 

 183 (end of fourth cent.) ; Messene in Sicily Paus. 6. 2. 10 ff. ; 

 Smyrna Mion. 3. 196, 218 ; Samos Mion. 6. 409 ; Halicarnassus 

 CB. 5727 a 17 (end of fifth cent. B. C). Avxiaxa: yj X'jy.oc, 'wolf.' 



^ Cf. BechteJ, Att. Frauennamen 99. 



^ Animals naturally offer the best field of comparison. The lion's strength, 

 the slenderness of the deer, the fidelity of the dog would e. g. be qualities which 

 would appeal in the giving of a name. Cf. Bechtel, op. cit. 87: "Das weiche 

 Haar, der zarte Flaum, die zierliche Gestalt, die anmutigen Bewegungen 

 kleiner Tiere ergotzen das Auge und schmeicheln der streichelnden Hand — 

 was Wunder, daB man geliebte Wesen aus der menschUchen Gesellschaft mit 

 ihnen verglich." 



