Hepaticae : Yale Peruvian Expedition of i^ii. 337 



region the perianth is deeply phcate. The keels, which number 

 about ten, are rounded and separated by rounded grooves; on the 

 surface they are usually smooth but may be slightly roughened. 



The antheridial spikes occupy short branches or are terminal 

 on them and apparently never proliferate. The bracts are imbri- 

 cated and are mostly in from two to four pairs. The lobes are 

 ovate and obtusely pointed or apiculate, measuring about 0.65 

 X 0.45 mm. ; the lobules are shorter and narrower, measuring about 

 0.5 X 0.25 mm., they are often more or less revolute along the free 

 margin and are attached to the lobe by a strongly arched keel. 

 The apex of the lobule is much hke that of the lobe. The bracteoles 

 are ovate and measure about 0.3 X 0.25 mm., the base is slightly 

 or not at all cordate, the margin is entire, and the apex is shortly 

 biapiculate. 



Spruce recognizes eight species of Chonanthelia with pluriplicate 

 perianths from South America and Stephani thirteen. According 

 to Spruce the subgenus falls naturally into two groups: Clado- 

 carpicae, with the single species F. hrachyclada Spruce, of Ecuador; 

 and Acrocarpicae, with the remaining species. F. hrachyclada and 

 seven of the Acrocarpicae have pluriplicate perianths. The distinc- 

 tion between the two groups is that in the Cladocarpicae the female 

 branch is very short and bears bracts only, while in the Acrocarpicae 

 it is variable in length and bears leaves as well as bracts. Unfortu- 

 nately this distinction is not very constant, the female branch in 

 F. hrachyclada being sometimes more or less elongated and bearing 

 normal leaves. 



Of the eight species recognized by Spruce, the only ones decribed 

 as autoicous are F. Mans and F. Arecae (Spreng.) Spruce, and it 

 should be noted that Stephani describes this latter species as dioic- 

 ous. In his Hepaticae Spruceanae, Spruce distributed specimens of 

 F. Arecae from Ecuador, and these specimens, in the set examined 

 by the writer, show female inflorescences without perianths but 

 no signs of antheridial spikes. They would therefore support 

 Stephani's idea of a dioicous inflorescence. Unfortunately they 

 do not agree in all respects with Spruce's description, so that it 

 is possible they do not represent his idea of the species. 



The plants in the Ecuador material are a little larger than in 

 F. Mans, the lobes measuring about 1.8 X 1.5 mm., the lobules about 

 1.5 X 0.8 mm., and the underleaves about 1.6 X 1.6 mm. The 

 lobes, lobules and underleaves lack the crispate regions, which 

 are usually so marked in F. Mans, and the appendiculum of the 

 lobule is rounded and quite entire. The underleaves are orbicular 



