Notes on Aboriginal Antiquities. 445 



much to say, an evill people, who goe all armed even to their 

 fingers' ends. Also they shewed us the manner of their armour, 

 they are made ofcordes and wood, finely and cunningly wrought 

 together. They gave us also to understande that those Ago- 

 judas doe continually warre one against another, but because we 

 did not understand them well, we could not perceive how farre 

 it was to that country. Our capitaine shewed them redde copper, 

 which in their language they call Caquedaze, and looking to- 

 warde that countrey, with signes asked them if any came from 

 thence, they shaking their heads answered no ; but they shewed 

 us that it came from Saguenay, and that lyeth cleane contrary to 

 the other. After we had heard and scene these things of them 

 we drewe to our boates accompanied with a great multitude of 

 those people ; some of them when as they sawe any of our fel- 

 lowes weary, would take them up on their shoulders, and carry 

 them as on horseback." 



The oriirinal edition of Cartier's vovaQ-es seems to have been 

 illustrated with maps or plans, one of which, representing Hoche- 

 laga is extant in the Italian translation by Ramusio, published at 

 Venice, in 1560.* It is a sort of ideal birds-eye view, either 

 taken on the spot, or from subsequent recollection. A reduced 

 copy of the more important parts is given in Fig. 16. It shows 

 the construction of the wooden wall of defence and the form and 

 arrangement of the houses, and gives a rude representation of 

 the character of the surroundinof country. It enables us to un- 

 derstand the dimensions of the houses given by Cartier, which 

 evidently refer not to the individual dwellings, which are square, 

 but to rows or blocks of four or five houses. Further it gives 

 as the diameter of the circular enclosure, about 120 yards, and 

 for each side of the square in the centre, about 30 yards. It also 

 shows that the villaoe was situated near to the base of themoun- 

 tain, which, however, from the point of view being from the 

 south, does not appear in the sketch ; and that it had a small 

 stream to the west, and apparently another at a greater distance 

 to the east. 



Taking these descriptions of Cartier in connection with the 

 subsequent statements of the Jesuit missionaries, we may I think 

 arrive at the following conclusions respecting the site of Hochelaga. 



* For an opportunity of consulting this work I am indebted to Rev. 

 H. Verreau, Principal of the Jacques Cartier Normal School. 



