SPARROWS AND ALLIED SPECIES. 325 



Male in winter with the upper parts reddish-brown, streaked 

 Avith black, the feathers of the forehead and breast dark red with 

 light brown tips. Female streaked above with dusky and yel- 

 lowish grey ; the throat, breast, and sides streaked with brow^n 

 and yellowish-grey. 



Male in summer with the forehead and breast crimson 

 or rose red. Female nearly as in winter. 



3. Linaria fiavirostris. Ticlte^ or Mountain Linnet. Bill 

 yellow, the throat light yellowish-red and unspotted ; the 

 plumage streaked with yellowish-brown and brownish-black ; 

 no red at any season on the head or breast ; male in summer 

 with crimson on the rump. 



4. Linaria minor. Smaller Redpoll. Length nearly five 

 inches. Upper mandible dusky, lower yellow ; plumage 

 streaked w^ith yellowish-brown and brownish-black ; loral 

 space, edge of forehead, and throat black. 



Male in winter with the top of the head and rump obscure 

 red. Female w^ith red on the head only. 



Male in summer w^ith the top of the head crimson ; the 

 sides of the neck, the breast, flanks, and rump, carmine. Fe- 

 male without the carmine colouring. 



5. Linaria borealis. Mealy Redpoll. Length about five 

 inches and a third ; the colours as in L. minor ^ but the rump 

 and lower parts nearly white. 



GENUS V. CARDUELIS. THISTLE-FINCH. 



Bill shortish, straight, conical, compressed toward the end, 

 the tip acuminate; both mandibles with their outline straight, 

 and their ridge narrow; wings rather long, the outer three 

 quills nearly equal, the second longest ; tail shortish, emargi- 

 nate. 



1. Cardiielis elegans. Goldfinch. Forehead and throat crim- 

 son, back brown. 



2. Carduelis spinus. Siskin. Male greenish-yellow, the 

 top of the head and the throat black. Female yellowish-green 

 streaked with black above, whitish streaked with black be- 

 neath. 



