80 INTRODUCTION. 



are continuous with the tips of the barbs, as is proved by dis- 

 cussing the point of adhesion with a needle, when the scales 

 fall off, and the filaments remain attached to the tips of the 

 barbs, and continue so until rubbed off, which, in some species, 

 and in certain parts of the body, the head in particular, does 

 not take place until the bird has been fully fledged. 



Considered with respect to situation, feathers may be named 

 as follows : 



Frontal^ on the fore part of the head. 



Vertical^ on the upper part of the head. 



Occipital^ on the hind part of the head. 



Genal^ on the side of the head, under the eye. 



Loral^ on the space between the bill and the eye. 



Marginirostral^ round the basal margin of the bill. 



Auricular^ about the aperture of the ear. 



Palpebral^ on the eyelids. 



Ciliary^ on the edges of the eyelids. 



Cervical, on the neck ; anterior, lateral, posterior ; upper, 

 middle, and lower. 



Anterior, medial, and ^^osterior dorsal, on the fore, middle, 

 and hind parts of the back. 



Pectoral, on the breast ; anterior, middle, and posterior, on 

 the fore, middle, and hind parts of the breast ; lateral pectoral, 

 on the sides of the breast. 



Abdominal, on the belly. 



Hypocliond7'ial, on the sides of the body, under the wings. 



Upper Alar, on the upper part, or dorsal aspect of the wings. 



Lower Alar, on the lower part or sternal aspect of the wings. 



Alar quills, or wing quills, large feathers projecting from the 

 posterior edge of the wing. 



Primary or digital quills, those on the hand or pmion. 



Secondary or cubital quills, those on the cubitus or fore-arm. 



Tertiary or humeral quills, those on the humerus or arm. 

 Some writers consider the inner elongated feather-like cubital 

 quills as the tertiary. 



Quill-coverts, a row of feathers immediately covering the base 

 of the quills ; — there are humeral, cubital, and digital quill- 

 coverts on both surfaces of the wing, and therefore upper and 

 lower. 



