CROWS AND ALLIED SPECIES. 493 



1 . Nucifraga Caryocatactes. Nutcracker. Plumage brown, 

 with numerous oblong whitish spots. 



GENUS V. FREGILUS. CHOUGH. 



Bill longish, slightly decurved, rather slender, tapering, 

 of nearly equal height and breadth ; tarsi rather short, with 

 eight anterior scutella, of which the upper are blended ; wings 

 long, the fourth quill longest ; tail of moderate length, nearly 

 even. 



1. Fregilus Graculus. Common Chough. Black, highly 

 glossed with blue and green ; wings about the same length as 

 the tail ; bill and feet vermilion. 



