BLACK GROUSE. 149 



that of the right half an inch. The upper part is surrounded 

 by transverse muscular fibres, and forms a small sac on the 

 right side, between which and the upper edge of the lateral 

 muscle is the pylorus. The lower part, or fundus, has also a 

 muscular coat, comparatively thin, and composed of fasciculi 

 converging towards the central tendons. Applied internally 

 upon the muscular coat of the stomach is a thin tough dense 

 layer of compact cellular tissue, elastic, and nearly of cartila- 

 ginous toughness, marked with ridges and depressions, and 

 on both surfaces minutely -s-illous. It adheres firmly to the 

 muscular coat, and is more easily separated from the inner or 

 cuticular. The latter is about one twenty-fifth of an inch in 

 thickness, tough, elastic, formed of transverse glistening fibres, 

 and undulated with rugas, which are impressed on the middle 

 coat. These rugae are longitudinal on the sides, continue over 

 the fundus, where they are transverse to the muscular fibres, 

 and are transverse on the pyloric lobe. The upper part of this 

 cuticular coat, or that next the proventriculus, is much softer 

 and of a lighter colour ; over the two lateral muscles it is thick- 

 ened, forming two elliptical plates ; and over the lower muscle 

 it is thin. The interior of the gizzard, as defined by the cuti- 

 cular coat, is an oblong, or subcylindrical cavity, with longitu- 

 dinal rugae, and having on the right or upper side a sac, in a 

 transverse fissure of which is the pylorus. The stomach is two 

 and a half inches long, two inches and a quarter in breadth, 

 one and three quarters in thickness. 



The intestine, measured from the pylorus to the extremity, is 

 seventy-one inches long ; its diameter varies from six-twelfths 

 to five-twelfths at the uj^per part, and diminishes to four- 

 twelfths near the cceca. It first, as usual, forms a fold along 

 the edge of the stomach, five inches long, including the pan- 

 creas, then curves under the right lobe of the liver, passes 

 do\vnwards on the same side, bends upwards and is convoluted 

 on the mesentery behind and to the right of the stomach, over 

 which it gives oif the two coeca ; which, although thirty inches 

 long, are contorted only along ten inches of the intestine, with 

 which they are connected by narrow mesocoeca. The rectum 

 is six inches and a quarter long, at its commencement four- 



