166 LAGOPUS. PTARMIGAN. 



for a short space around its aperture. The proventricuhis, Fig. 

 8, &, is somewhat bulbiform, its glands few, large, oblong, placed 

 rather obliquely. Stomach, Fig. 3, <?, d, ^,/, ^, a powerful giz- 

 zard, of a roundish, subrhomboidal form, with the two lateral 

 muscles, c7, e^ transverse, the lower muscle, g^ thin, its tendinous 

 fibres passing under those of the rest ; the middle coat rather 

 thin ; the inner or cuticular, Fig. 4, h^ strong, hard, longitudi- 

 nally rugous. The cardiac orifice is situated in a transverse de- 

 pression, between the slight cardiac lobe, and the upper edge of 

 the lateral muscle, and has no valvular apparatus. Intestine 

 long, rather wdde, of nearly uniform diameter. Coeca, Fig. 2, Cj 

 d, e, /, g, 7i, extremely long, w^ider than the intestine. Rectum, 

 h, c, long, cylindrical. The intestine within is beautifully mark- 

 ed with regular series of small depressions ; towards the coeca are 

 numerous roundish soft papillae disposed in series ; there is a 

 slight circular valve or margin at the commencement of the 

 rectum, which is covered wath mucous crj^Dts at its upper part, 

 with rounded papillae at its lower, and marked with faint longi- 

 tudinal rugae. The cloaca is small, and separated from the rec- 

 tum by a circular valve. 



Nostrils basal, lateral, oblong or elliptical, margined and 

 concealed by the short feathers which cover the nasal mem- 

 brane. Eyes of moderate size ; eyelids feathered ; over the 

 uj)per is a semilunar space of bare skin covered with papillae 

 and having a thin fringed margin. External ear of moderate 

 size, roundish, its thick margin surrounded with a circle of 

 feathers. 



Fig. 44. Brown Ptarmigan. Fig. 45. Grct/ Ptarmigan 



Head small, oblong, rather compressed. Neck short. Body 

 full and laro^e. Leos rather short, strono^ ; tarsi covered with 

 feathers, as are the toes anteriorly, which are rather small and 



