GREY PTARMIGAN. 189 



its glandules ovato-oblong, about two-twelfths long, with a 

 narrow aperture. The stomach is a powerful gizzard of a 

 roundish sublobate form. Its upper part is muscular, with 

 transverse fibres, and forms a large lobe on the right side, from 

 the lower part of which comes off the intestine. The lateral 

 muscles are transverse, extremely thick, their outer fibres con- 

 verging to form a large tendon on each side. The lower 

 muscle is moderately strong, its tendinous fibres inserted 

 under the lateral tendons. The strong dark-red muscular 

 fibres of the large muscles pass across from the one tendon 

 to the other, and are also inserted into the whole outer sur- 

 face of the middle thick subcartilaginous coat, within which 

 is the cuticular, thickened, with longitudinal rugas opposite 

 the bellies of the lateral muscles ; the rugae crossed by others 

 on the sides opposite the tendons, the fundus, and the cardiac 

 sac. The intestine is forty-seven inches long ; a little below 

 the pylorus enlarges to four-twelfths of an inch in diameter ; 

 six inches farther is only three- twelfths, continues varying from 

 four to three twelfths, but enlarges a little towards the coeca. 

 The rectum is five inches long, uniformly cylindrical, three- 

 twelfths in diameter. The coeca are twenty-nine inches long ; 

 for four inches their diameter is about three-twelfths ; they 

 then gradually enlarge to eight-twelfths, and so continue to 

 the end ; the extremity a little narrowed, with a small mam- 

 milliform tip. The inner coat of the intestine is villous, w^th 

 minute undulations in transverse series ; for two inches above 

 the coeca, it is covered with flattened papillae, some of which 

 are nearly one-twelfth long, disposed in longitudinal series, the 

 lower larger, and forming a transverse flap or valve. The rec- 

 tum is even and papillate within ; the coeca are villous ; in the 

 whole extent of their dilated part, the inner coat is raised into 

 from five to seven longitudinal white prominent lines. 



The eyes are of moderate size ; the eyelids feathered ; over 

 the upper is a semilunar papillate space, having its upper mar- 

 gin fringed and free. The nostrils are elliptical, two and a 

 half twelfths long, margined and concealed by short feathers. 

 The aperture of the ear is circular, two and a half twelfths in 

 diameter, with a thick margin. 



