256 



COLUMBA. DOVE. 



and anterior to the thorax enlarged into a crop, c, c?, e^ /, of 

 great size, projecting equally on both sides, membranous, and 

 destitute of glandules. The intrathoracic part of the oesophagus, 

 y, h^ narrow, its inner membrane raised into longitudinal rugae, 

 covered with mucous follicles. The proventriculus, ^, with large 

 but short four-sided glandules. Stomach, ^, j^ k^ /, a power- 

 ful gizzard of a subrhomboidal form, with the two lateral 

 muscles, e, y, transverse, the lower, ^, thin, its fibres inserted in 

 the central tendons, ^, under the rest, the upper fibres, h^ ob- 

 liquely circular. The middle coat rather thick and tough ; the 

 inner or cuticular with rather regular longitudinal rugae on 

 both sides. The cardiac orifice is situated in a transverse de- 

 pression, between the slight upper lobe and the lateral muscle, 

 and has no valvular apparatus. Intestine, m^ w, o, />, q^ r, 

 long, slender, wider in its duodenal fold, «^, ??, o, the rest doubled 

 in the greater part of its length. Coeca, Fig. 4, c, d, very small, 

 cylindrical. Rectum, ^, c, very short, slightly enlarged. The 

 duodenum within is smooth, the rest of the small intestine vil- 

 lous, the rectum granulated. 



Nostrils linear, direct, in the lower and fore part of the nasal 

 membrane, which, as already mentioned, is thick, fleshy, vaulted, 

 and scurfy. Eyes of moderate size ; eyelids generally bare, 

 destitute of cilise. External ears of moderate size, roundish, 

 the tube funnel-shaped. 



Head oblong, small, com- 

 pressed, the forehead promi- 

 nent. Neck rather short. Body 

 ovate, compact. Legs short, 

 rather strong ; tarsi very short, 

 roundish, anteriorly covered 

 with one or two series of scu- 

 tella, behind scurfy. Toes of 

 moderate size ; the first on the 

 same level as the rest, direct- 

 ed backwards, about half the 

 length of the third ; the second 

 and fourth intermediate and nearly equal, the outer being very 

 little longer ; all covered above with numerous short scutella, 



Fig. 50. 



Fig. 51. 



