220 Reviews and Notices of BooJcs, 



nius ; and apparently an extinct species of the horse. The re- 

 mains of existing species found in these deposits (always confining 

 our remarks to Western Cana la), include the Wapiti, the Moose, 

 Beaver, Muskrat, &c. These two classes of remains have been 

 found to2fether. In a railway cutting through Burlington Heights, 

 Bear Hamilton, the tusk of a Mammoth (^Elephas primigenius) 

 and the horns of a Wapiti (^Ehiphus Canadensis) were met with 

 at a depth of about forty feet below the present surface of the 

 g'ound.* I have also seen the lower jaw of a Beaver [Castor 

 Jiber)^ obtained from the same locality. The flint arrow-heads, 

 and other wrought implements of Amiens and Abbeville, which 

 are now attracting so much attention in Europe, occur, apparently, 

 in deposits of the same kind and age." 



With respect to the conditions of deposition of these beds 

 Prof. Chapman presents the following general views : — 



1. "A general depression of the land, at the commencement 

 of the Drift period, mu-t have taken place to such an extent as 

 to admit of ihe deposition of the lower clays. These latter were 

 evidently derived from the limestones and other Silurian and 

 Devonian strata lying beneath and around them. Hence their 

 generally calcareous nature. Their derivation from this source 

 is proved, moreover, by the pebbles of Trenton limestone and 

 other fossiliferous rocks which they frequently contain. Exten- 

 sive denudation must thus have occurred both immediately prior 

 to, and during, the deposition of these clays ; but it maybe ques- 

 tioned whether the bolder contours offered by the denuded rucks, 

 such as the escarpment that sweeps from the Niagara river to 

 Cabot's Head on Lake Huron, were not produced during the first 

 uprise of the palaeozoic strata from the earlier seas in which their 

 materials were accumulated, ages before the period now under 

 discussion. It appears, at least, to be a well-admitted point, that 

 these rocks had been elevated into dry land before the deposition 

 of the higher formations in the south and west. 



2. " After the deposition of the lower Drift clays, a sudden 

 and abrupt change in the character of the sediments took place. 

 A striking example of this may be seen in the natural sections 

 about Hogg's Hollow, a few miles north of Toronto. The change 

 in question must have been effected by a still further depression 

 of the country, bringing the higher lands and gneis>oi<l strata of 



* See a paper on the Geology of this district, by Charles Robb, C.E., 

 in Canad, Journal, New Series, Vol. v. p. 510. 



