useful to the Chipewyans, 441 



Indians, who also make robes, clothing and leather from the hide. 

 Curious dog-sleds are manufactured out of the skin covering the 

 shank bones, by sewing numbers of the pieces together with the 

 hair outside, which slides well over the snow. 



Birds. 

 From the various snow geese, of which there are three species 

 {Anser hyperho, A. alhatus, and another as yet unnamed, the 

 " horned wavy goose " of Hearne) ; from the white and sand-hill 

 cranes (Grus Ameriainus and G. Canadensis) ; from the Canada 

 geese (^Bernicla Canadensis^ B. leucomelia, B. Hutchinsonii, B, 

 leucopareia et B. Barnstonii,) ; from the trumpeter and wild swans 

 {^Cygnus buccinator' et C. Americanus), and from the white-faced 

 geese {Anser Gambeliiet A. frontalis), the natives derive the quills 

 so much used for ornamenting round the tops of moccasins, and for 

 similar purposes, as well as for feathering arrows. Fire-bags are 

 made out of the skin of the neck of the great northern diver (Co- 

 lymhus torquatus), and the tail feathers of the golden eagle (Aquila 

 Canadensis) are used for head ornaments. The yellow flicker 

 (Colaptes auratus), and other gaudily arrayed summer birds yield 

 their plumage for ornamenting dresses. The Dog-rib and Yellow 

 Indians make belts of goose quills by dyeing them and sewing 

 them together in longitudinal stripes. 



Here concludes the list of the products derived from the animal 

 kingdom by the Chipewyan tribes ; the waters furnishing them 

 with food only. Rude in arts, and debased in manners as are 

 these people, they are among the most kind-hearted and merci- 

 ful of the Indian races ; and would doubtless, if dwelling in a more 

 genial climate, prove the most amenable, of any of the red na- 

 tions, to the humanizing influences of civilization. 



List of Species of Mammals and Birds — collected in McKenzie s 

 River District during 1860-61. 



From June 1860 to April 1861. 



Mammals. No. Localities. 



1 . Sorex. 2 Fort Simpson. 



2. Putoreus pusillus. 2 Big Island. 



3. " Richardsonii. 2 Fort Simpson and Peel's River. 



4. " Noveboracensis. 1 Fort Simpson. 



5. " longicauda. 2 Do. 



6. Gulo luscus (spare skulls.) 2 Do. and Liard's River. 



7. Sicurus Hudsonius. 3 Do. and Big Island. 



