STATIONARY SPECIES 149 



(9) White Owl {Strix flammed). 



The range of this species is very restricted to the northward. 

 The few that arrive here from foreign parts, appear to be invariably of 

 the darker, continental form. Our insular stock is stationary. 



(10) Red Grouse {Lagopus scotlcus). 



(11) Black Grouse {Tetrao tetrix). 



(12) Partridge {Perdix cinered). 



(13) Pheasant {Phasianus). 



(14) WATERHEN {Gallinuta chloropus). 



All observed movements are merely local. No evidence of 

 immigration from over-sea. 



NOTE. — Razorbill, cormorant, and others may possibly be entitled 

 to rank as residents ; but these purely sea-fowl, together with the gulls, 

 are herein excluded from consideration. 



2. SPECIES OF DOUBLE RACE, 



Possessing both (a) a stationary stock, and (b) 

 a migrant influx. 



(1) Peregrine {Falco peregrinus). 



(2) Sparrow-Hawk {Accipiter nisus). 



(3) Tawny Owl {Syrnium aluco). 



(4) Long-Eared Owl {Ash otus). 



(5) Raven {Corvus corax). 



(6) Carrion-Crow (C. corone). 



In the above six cases, our stationary breeding-stock is supple- 

 mented every autumn (though presumably not reinforced) by a 

 foreign influx, which returns north in spring. 



In the case of birds of prey, it should be remembered that the 

 old necessarily drive their young away from their own locality. 



(7) ROOK [Corvus frugilegus). 



As many rooks cross the North Sea as do hoodies. Both come 

 in battalions — numerically, in fact, the rook stands fifth on the list 

 of immigrants. Yet in many rookeries, it is impossible to detect 

 evidence of any seasonal movement. 



(8) Jackdaw {Corvus moneduld). 



Similar remarks apply. Thousands cross the sea ; yet certain 

 crags and favourite resorts possess a stationary population. 



