72 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 



KK. Speculum without metallic colors. N, NN. 

 N. Speculum gray or greenish-gray with a narrow 

 white bar (border) behind. Baldpate. (Fe- 

 male). No. 37. 

 NN. Speculum with anterior half velvet black, 

 posterior half pure white. Gadwall. No. 35. 

 DD.Hind toe with a distinct flap or 

 lobe. (Fig. 21.) O, 00. 

 O. Feathers extending forward 

 along sides or top of bill 

 until nearly or quite even 

 with hind margin of nos- 

 tril. P, PP. 

 P. Wing more than 10 inches 



Inno- n CiCi Fig. 21. Foot of Redhead, showing liind 



long, ^j, y^yci. _ ^^^ ^,ijj^ j^^p_ 



Q. A conspicuous white 



bar (speculum) on wing. — White- winged Scoter. No. 55. 

 QQ. No white wing-bar. R, RR. 



R. Feathering on sides of bill extending forward 

 nearly or quite even with hind border of nostril. 

 Eider. No. 52. 

 RR. Feathering on sides of bill not extending for- 

 ward nearly as far as hind border of nostril. 

 King Eider. No. 53. 

 PP. Wing less than 10 inches. S, SS. 



S. Bird mainly black or brownish black, large, wing more 



than 9 inches. Surf Scoter. No. 56. 

 SS. Bird largely white, medium size, wing less than 9 

 inches. Old Squaw. No. 51. 

 00. Feathers at sides or top of bill not reaching nearly to nostril. 

 T, TT. 

 T. Wing under 7 inches, a, aa. 



a. With a conspicuous white wing-bar. Butter-ball; 



Bufflehead. No. 50. 

 aa.'^With no white in the wing. Ruddy Duck. No. 57. 

 TT. Wing over 7 inches. U, UU, UUU. 



U. Speculum wanting (i. e. black or brown like rest of 

 wing), b, bb. 



b. Entire plumage black (male) or grayish brown 

 (female) without any white on head or wings. 

 Black Scoter. No. 54. 

 bb. Plumage largely white, the head and neck 

 always with white patches. Old Squaw. 

 No. 51. 

 UU. Speculum gray or bluish gray. V, VV. 



V. Wing 8 inches or less. Ring-necked Duck. No. 47. 

 VV. Wing Sj inches or more, c, cc. 



c. Head and neck reddish brown. W, WW. 

 W. Forehead and chin blackish. Canvas- 

 back (male). No. 44. 

 WW. Forehead and chin red like the rest of 

 head. Redhead (male). No. 43. 

 cc. Head and neck without anv reddish brown. 

 X, XX. 



