34 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 



N. Bill slender, weak, mostly longer than head. — O, 00. 

 O. Toes with webbed margins or lobed flaps. — Family 



24, Phalaropodidae, Phalaropes, page 165. 

 00. Toes without marginal webs or lobes. — Family 

 26, Scolopacidse, Snipe, etc., page 171. 

 NN. Bill stout, spike-like, about as long as head. — Turnstone 

 and Red Phalarope, pages 217 and 165. 

 MM. Tarsus reticulate (Fig. 56).— P, PP. 



P. Bill long, very slender, more or less upcurved. — Family 



25, Recurvirostridse, Stilt, page 170. 

 PP. Bill short, stout, straight. — Family 27, Charadriida, 

 Plover, page 208. 

 GG. Tibia feathered down to heel joint ("knee"). — Q. QQ. 

 Q. Upper mandible with a cere, or with a soft swollen 



membrane (Fig. 64) at base. — R, RR. _ 



R. Bill strongly hooked.— S, SS. ;^ 



S. Plumage bright green or green and yellow. — Fig. 64. Riii of 

 Family 42, Psittacidffi, Paroquet. (Appendix.) Mourning Dove. 

 SS. Plumage not green nor green and yellow. — Order XII, Raptores, 

 Birds of Prey, page 254. 

 RR. Bill not hooked. — Order XI, Columbse, Doves and Pigeons, page 238. 

 QQ. Upper mandible without a cere, or soft swollen membrane at base. 

 — T, TT. 

 T. Only two toes in front.— U, UU. 



U. Tail long, of soft feathers. — Family 43, Cuculidse, Cuckoos, page 337. 

 UU. Tail medium, of stiff, pointed feathers. — Order XV, Pici, Wood- 

 peckers, page 345. 

 TT. Three toes in front.— V, VV. 



V. Nail of middle toe pectinate (with a comb on inner edge).— Family 



47, Caprimulgidse, Goatsuckers, page 373. 

 VV. Nail of middle toe not pectinate. — W, WW. 



W. Each tail feather tipped with a spine. — Family 48, Micropodida3, 



Swifts, page 381. 

 WW. Tail feathers not spine-tipped. — X, XX. 



X. Very small birds, less than 4 inches long. — Family 49, Trochil- 



idse, Hummingbirds, page 387. 

 XX. More than 4 inches long.— Y, YY. 



Y. Hind toe and claw not more than half as long as middle toe 

 and claw. — Z, ZZ. 

 Z. Bill much longer than head.— Woodcock (Family Scolo- 

 pacidse), page 172. 

 ZZ. Bill shorter than head. — Order X, Gallinse, Grouse, Part- 

 ridges, etc., page 220. 

 YY. Hind toe and claw much more than half as long as middle 

 toe and claw. — Order XVII, Passeres, Perching Birds, 

 page 389. 



