HYPOTHETICAL LIST. 751 



placed upon specimens known to have been taken outside the state, it 

 seems altogether probable that this is a southern specimen. 



Purple Grackle. Quiscalus quiscula quiscula (Linn.). (511) 



This is the common Crow Blackbird of the Atlantic states south of 

 Massachusetts and east of the Alleghanies. We have no record of its 

 occurrence in Michigan. It is very similar to the Bronzed Grackle in 

 size, coloration and habits, but typical examples may be readily dis- 

 criminated by having the feathers of back, rump and belly marked with 

 beautiful iridescent V)ars which are wanting in the Bronzed Grackle. 



Holboell's Redpoll. Acanthis Itnaria holboelli (Brehm). (528a) 



In color precisely like the Common Redpoll, l^ut larger and with the l:)ill 

 relatively longer. 



Distribution. — Extreme northern parts of the continent (also Europe- 

 Asia), especially the islands of the Arctic. South in winter rarely to the 

 northern United States. 



No record for Michigan, but said to have been taken in Wisconsin and 

 identified by Dr. A. K. Fisher and Robt. Ridgway (Kumlien and Hollister, 

 Birds of Wisconsin, 1903, p. 93). 



Painted Longspur. Calcarius pictus (Sirainf^). (537) 



Synonyms: Smith's Longspur. 



The Painted Longspur in winter plumage is quite similar to the Lapland 

 Longspur, but the male has the entire under parts yellowish brown or 

 buffy, and the throat and fore-breast streaked with dusky. The young 

 and females, however, are separable with difficulty from similar stages 

 of the Lapland Longspur and must be identified by experts. 



This species is a northwestern one, ranging from the Arctic Coast to 

 Texas, but rarely passing east of Wisconsin and Illinois during migrations. 

 It is attributed to Michigan by "Archer" (G. A. Stockwell) in his list of 

 Michigan birds (Forest and Stream, VIII, 18, p. 281), but we have no 

 other warrant for its insertion as a bird of our state. 



Mr. E. W. Nelson found a flock of about 75 painted Longspurs near 

 Calumet Lake, in northeastern Illinois, in March, 1875, and Amos Butler 

 states that the species' is sometimes a common migrant in northwestern 

 Indiana, in the vicinity of Lake Michigan. It has also been recorded 

 from various places in northeastern Illinois, and about Chicago, and there 

 is a record for Greencastle, Ind. Since the bird is a very strong flyer, 

 and an abundant migrant a little farther west, it seems by no means im- 

 probable that it occasionally wanders into Michigan, especially into the 

 southwest corner of the state. The Wisconsin records for this species 

 seem to be confined to the southern part of the state, and as Kumlien and 

 Hollister say: "Presumably the migration is from the northwest and 

 they merely cross the southern counties of Wisconsin in the fall, as they 

 arc not at all rare on the prairies of Illinois in wintei'" (Hii'ds of Wisconsin, 

 1903, p. 95). 



TKfllNICAL DESCRIPTION. 



Wing more tlian :^.'>() inclios; all (lie tail-feathers wiOi iimer wehs dusky at base, the 

 inner web of the outer feat Ik r chiclly wliite; umler wiiig-covc'rts aiul axillars wliolly pure 

 white; entire lower parts ImiH y. 



