390 



MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 



CC. Tips of folded wings not reaching to tips of 

 middle tail-feathers. E, EE. 

 E. Head crested (Fig. 129), tail tipped with 

 bright yellow. Family 59. Bombycillidse. 

 Waxwings. 

 EE. Crested or not, the tail not tipped with 

 bright yellow. F, FF, FFF. 

 F. First primary much more than half as long 

 as the longest. (Fig. 108.) G, GG. 

 G. Tertiaries in folded wing reaching 

 nearly to tips of primaries. 

 Meadowlark and Pipit. Families 

 55 and 64. 

 GG. Tertiaries not reaching 

 nearly to tips of pri- 

 maries. H, HH. ^~^ 

 H. Claw of hind toe 

 little curved, at 

 least twice as long 



Fig. 123. 



Fig. 147. 



Fig. 97. 



Horned Larks. 



Fig. 102 



as long as 

 claw of middle toe (Fig. 

 97). I, II. 



I. Chin and throat yellow 

 or yellowish; a feather 

 horn on each side 

 of crown (Fig. 96). 

 Family 52. Alaudida3. 



II. Chin and throat without trace of yellow; no 

 feather-horns. Longspurs and Snow Bunt- 

 ings. Family 56. Fringillidse. 



Claw of hind toe much curved, less than twice 

 the length of the middle claw (Fig. 102). 

 J, JJ. 

 Cutting edge of upper mandible with a low 

 tooth-like lobe or projection about midway 

 (Fig. 122); plumage mainly red and black 

 or black and olive. Scarlet Tanager. Fam- 

 ily 57. Tangarida3. 

 JJ. Cutting edge of upper mandible without 

 tooth-like lobe. K, KK. 

 K. Bill conical, short, its height at base 

 one half or more of the length of culmen 

 (Fig 120). L, LL. 

 L. First or second primary longest; 

 nostrils not covered by bristles; 

 outer tail-feathers shorter than 

 middle ones. Cowbird and Bob- 

 olink. Family 55. Icterida. 

 LL. First and second primary not 

 longest, or if so, the nostrils 

 hidden by bristles, or the tail 

 more or less forked, or both. 

 Family 56. Fringillidpe. Spar- 

 rows, Finches, Grosbeaks, etc. 



