LAND BIRDS. 345 



Order XV. PICI. Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, etc. 

 (Only the Woodpeckers are found in America.) 



Family 46. PICID.^. Woodpeckers. 



KEY TO SPECIES. 



A. Very large, wing more than 8^ inches. Log-Cock. No. 169. 

 AA. Smaller, wing less than 7 inches. B, B. 



B. Back and rump shiny black, without any white markings; the top 

 of head with or without a golden yellow patch; only three toes, 

 two in front. Black-backed Three-toed Woodpecker. No. 

 167. 

 BB. Back or rump always with white; head often with red, but never 

 with yellow; toes four, two in front and two behind (Fig. 90). 

 C, CC. 

 C. Shafts of wing-feathers golden yellow; breast and sides with 

 numerous clean cut, round, black spots. FHcker. No. 172. 

 CC. Shafts of wing-feathers not yellow, no round black spots on 

 breast or sides. D, DD. 

 D. Middle pair of tail-feathers largely white on inner webs. 

 E, EE. 



E. A large black patch on chest. Sapsucker. No. 168. 

 EE. No black on chest. Red-bellied Woodpecker. No. 



171. 

 DD. Middle pair of tail-feathers wholly black. F, FF. 



F. Entire head, neck and chest red. Red-headed Wood- 



pecker (adult). No. 170. 

 FF. Red only on the nape, if at all. G, GG. 

 G. Under parts all white. H, HH. 



H. Wing 4^ inches or more; outer tail-feathers 

 white, without cross bars. Hairy 

 Woodpecker and Northern Hairy Wood- 

 pecker. Nos. 164, 165. 

 HH. Wing less than 4^ inches; outer tail- 

 feathers white, barred with black. 

 Downy Woodpecker. No. 166. 

 GG. Throat, chest and sides gray, more or less 

 streaked or mottled with blackish; some- 

 times a few scattered red feathers about 

 head and neck. Red-headed Woodpecker 

 (young). No. 170. 



164. Hairy Woodpecker. Dryobates villosus villosus (Linn.). (393) 



Synonyms: Guinea Woodpecker, Sap.sucker or Big Sapsucker (incorrect). — Picus 

 villosus, Linn., 1766, and authors generally. 



The pure white under parts, black back with median white stripe, and 

 checkered black and white wings are distinctive of this and the Downy 



