LAND BIRDS. 607 



killed on jMichigun lighthouses, this species has never been found. Even 

 in the neighborhood of Lansing it is never common, having been observed 

 of late years only half a dozen times, and then singly. Dr. Atkins first 

 took it at Locke, Ingham county. May 16, 1876 and again in June 1881. 

 He called it an irregular migrant and scarce (Dr. Morris Gibbs). On 

 the other hand it was formerly very abundant at Petersburg, Monroe 

 county, according to Trombley, although it has now almost entirely dis- 

 appeared. 



It is an abundant summer resident, however, in Wayne county and St. 

 Clair county, according to Swales, Taverner, Davidson, and J. Claire Wood, 

 and its nest has been repeatedly found in that neighborhood, as well as 

 in Washtenaw county. James B. Purdy records it as not uncommon at 

 Plymouth, Wayne county, but states that he has found the nest but once. 

 L. Whitney Watkins finds it a common summer resident near Manchester, 

 Washtenaw county, and across the line in Jackson county; Mr. Edward 

 Arnold states that its nest has been found near Battle Creek, and Dr. 

 Gibbs says there are several records for Kalamazoo. It is, however, much 

 less common on the western side of the state and grows rapidly scarce as 

 we pass northward. 



It is an inhabitant of heavy timber and appears to prefer bottom lands, 

 where it confines itself almost entirely to the upper branches of the tall 

 trees. When migrating it frequently descends to the lower growth, and 

 may sometimes resort to the ground for food, and of course for nesting 

 material, but it certainly prefers the higher parts of the forest. It arrives 

 from the south at about the same time as the last species, Mr. Norman A. 

 Wood giving the average date for twenty-five years at Ann Arbor as May 

 12, and the earhest record there as April 30, 1888. 



The nest is built invariably at a considerable height, in the great majority 

 of cases about forty feet, and often as high as eighty feet above the ground. 

 It is small, and compactly built of various fibrous materials, and is some- 

 times saddled on a horizontal limb, but more often in an upright or oblique 

 fork. The eggs are usually four and are bluish or greenish-white, spotted 

 with brown and lilac, and average .69 by .53 inches. Largely on account 

 of the habits of the bird the nest w^as imperfectly known for a long time, 

 and up to the summer of 1878, Audubon's description of a nest found near 

 Niagara Falls was practically the only account known. In June 1878, a 

 collector at East Penfield, New York, brought the writer a nest of four 

 eggs which was found in the fork of a small ash tree about twenty-five 

 feet from the ground and was built of fine grasses bound firmly together 

 with spiders' silk and lined with strips of bark and fine grasses. This nest 

 is now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Massachusetts. 

 The same spring a nest was found at Mt. Carmel, 111., which was similar, 

 but more bulky and more firmly built. During recent years several 

 INlichigan collectors have found numbers of the nests, especially in Wayne 

 county, where W. L. Davidson took a nest and four eggs, near Detroit, 

 June 6, 1897, and Mr. J. Claire Wood found many nests in 1904 and 1905, 

 most of them early in June. Two nests taken June 20, 1909, contained 

 eggs far advanced in incubation. At Grand Ledge, Eaton county, adults 

 with nearly full-fledged young were found July 13 and 14, 1907, by E. K. 

 Kalmbach and H. A. Moorman. 



According to ]\lcllwraith the Cerulean Warbler is a legular summer 

 resident in southern Ontario, but somewhat local in its distiibution. "Its 

 song is almost identical with that of the Parula Warblei-, but in the latter 



