638 MICHIGAN BIRD LIFE. 



notes, the jjenultiiiuite note stron<2;ly accented, the last pitclicd on a lower 

 key. The last two notes together are equal in time to one of the first 

 three." Kumlien and Hollister (Birds of Wisconsin, p. 118) are of the 

 opinion that "this species never jjreeds in Wisconsin, although the other 

 [the Connecticut Warbler] does, quite the opposite of the case as usually 

 given." This is contrary to the facts so far as observed in ]\lichigan, 

 where the Mourning Warbler is a common breeder in many localities, 

 and the Connecticut a comparatively rare one. 



TECPINICAL DESCRIPTION. 



Adult male: Head, neck and chest ash-gray, more or less mixed with black on the 

 l)rcasf, where it often becomes pure black; upper parts, including wings and tail, olive- 

 green; lower breast and belly rich bright yellow, shaded with green on sides; no white eye- 

 ring, and no light wing or tail markings. Female similar, but grayer on the head and 

 breast, whiter on throat. 



Length 4.90 to 5.75 inches; wing of male 2.30 to 2.55; tail 2 to 2.25. 



293. Maryland Yellowthroat. Geothlypis trichas trichas (Lin v.). (681) 



Synonyjiis: Northern Maryland Yellowthroat, Northern Yellowthroat, Western 

 Yellowthroat, Common Yellowthroat, Yellowthroat. — Turdiis trichas, Linn., 1766. — 

 Sylvia trichas, Vieill., 1807. — Geothlypis trichas, Baird, and most recent writers. — ^Sylvia 

 marilandica, Wils., 1808.^ — Trichas marylandica, Nutt., 1840. — Trichas marilandica, 

 Bonap., 1838, Aud., 1839 (part).— Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla, W. Palmer, 1900. 



Plate LXII. 



The })i'ight yellow throat and breast and l)hick mask or "domino," 

 l)ordered behind by white or ashy white, arc characteiistic. The olive 

 back, wings and tail, without spots, and the yellow under tail-coverts 

 will make assurance doubly sure. 



Distribution. — Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian, Transition 

 and Upper Austral Zones from North Dakota, northern Minnesota, northern 

 Ontario and southern Labrador south to central Texas, northern parts of 

 the Gulf States, and Virginia; winters from North Carolina and Louisiana 

 to Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Guatemala and Costa Rica (A. 

 O. U. Check-list, 1910). 



Our common Yellow-throat is widely disti'ibuted over the state, and 

 in most places fairly abundant as a summer resident. It nests commonly 

 in IMonroe, Wayne and St. Clair counties in the southeastern ])art of the 

 state, was found during the nesting season on Neebish Island, St. Mary's 

 River by Major Boies, was not uncommon in Ontonagon county during 

 July and August, as recorded by the University of IMichigan expedition 

 in 1904, and it has been found in practically all the intervening territory 

 wherever conditions are favorable. It is partial to wet ground, but it 

 is not necessary that this should be of great extent. While it is found 

 on the borders of the large marshes, and particularly on little islands 

 in marshes and swamps, it is frequently met with near springs and 

 brooklets on hillsides, and often in "cat-holes" in open fields, wherever 

 a little water has made the ground too soft for cultivation. It is almost 

 confined to the low growths next to the grovmd, being rarely seen amid 

 the branches of trees, even during migration. 



The Yellow-throat arrives from the south at about the same time as 

 the majority of the warblers, the average date at Ann Arbor being given 



