BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 85 



Adult female.— Wmg 147-162 (154.3); tail 60-70 (64.4); exposed 

 column 50-63 (61.9) ; tarsus 49.5-58 (54) ; middle toe without claw 

 4e-56 (50.8mm.).«« 



Range. — Breeds in marshes, almost always fresh, occasionally brack- 

 ish, but not salt, from southern Minnesota (Jackson; Faribault; Was- 

 eca; Minneapolis) ; southern Wisconsin (Madison; Janesville; Jeffer- 

 son County; Racine) ; southern Ontario (St. Clair Flats; Listowel) ; 

 northern Ohio (Port Clinton; Middle Bass Island; Cleveland) ; New 

 York (Buffalo; Branchport; Ithaca; near New York City; Long 

 Island) ; and Connecticut (Say brook) ; south through New Jersey 

 (Avalon; Summit; Newark; etc.); Pennsylvania (near Philadel- 

 phia) ; Maryland (Marlborough ; Tolchester) ; District of Columbia ; 

 Virginia (Wallops Island; Alexandria; Woodbridge; etc.); North 

 Carolina (Raleigh; Lake Ellis); South Carolina (Waverly Mills; 

 Mount Pleasant; Frogmore) ; and Georgia (Savannah; Blackbeard 

 Island) ; to Florida (Titusville; Fort Myers; Tarpon Springs; Talla- 

 hassee) ; Mississippi (Vicksburg) ; Louisiana (Calcasieu) ; and 

 rarely Texas (Corpus Christi) ; west to Oklahoma (Wister) ; 

 northwestern Arkansas (Eureka Springs) ; eastern Kansas 

 (Wichita; Stafford Coimty; Manhattan); eastern Nebraska (Falls 

 City; Lincoln; Omaha); western Iowa (Wall Lake; probably 

 Sioux City); and southwestern Minnesota (Heron Lake). 



Winters in the southern part of the breeding range and coast regions 

 of Louisiana and Texas, rarely to east-central Mexico. North to 

 Texas (Brownsville; Corpus Christi); southern Louisiana (New Or- 

 leans; Octave Pass; Vermilion Bay; Mandeville) ; Mississippi 

 (Hancock County); Alabama (Greensboro); and South Carolina 

 (Mount Pleasant; Port Royal; Frogmore); Georgia (Savannah; 

 Blackbeard Island) ; and south to Florida (Titusville; Fort Myers) ; 

 and rarely Mexico (Veracruz — Tlacotalpan). Occasional in winter 

 in Michigan. 



Type locality. — Kentucky, South Carolina, Louisiana, and north to 

 Camden, N. J., and Philadelphia==Charleston, S. C. 



Rallus crepitans (not of Gmelin) Wilson, Amer. Orn., vii, 181.3, 112, part, pi. 



62, fig. 2 (original of figures now in coll. Mus. Comp. ZooL, see Faxon, 



Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., lix, 191.5, 132). 

 (?) Ralhis crepitans Allen. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 172, 182 (Ogden, 



Utah). 

 Rallus elegans Audubon, Oru. Biogr., iii, 1835, 27, pi. 203 (s. e. United States 



or interior of South Carolina) ; Synopsis, 1839, 215; Birds Amer., 8vo ed., v, 



1842, 160, pi. 309.— Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, 52.— Kenni- 



** Fourteen specimens from Illinois, District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, 

 Louisiana, and Florida. 



