BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 53 



Adult male.— Wing 142.5-159.5 (151.1); tail 55-69 (64.6); ex- 

 posed culmen 55-69.5 (63.3) ; tarsus 48-56 (51.7) ; middle toe with- 

 out claw 45.5-53.5 (48.8 mm.).*^ 



Adult female.— Wing 135.5-160 (146.8) ; tail 55-69.5 (61.9) ; ex- 

 posed culmen 53.5-67 (59.6) ; tarsus 41-56 (48.1) ; middle toe without 

 claw 40-52 (45.9 mm.).=° 



Range. — Breeds in salt marshes of the Atlantic coast from Con- 

 necticut (Saybrook) ; New York (Long Island; Staten Island) ; and 

 New Jersey (Avalon, Atlantic City, Cape May, South Amboy, Brig- 

 antine) south to Virginia (Smith Island, Wachapreague, Cobb 

 Island) ; North Carolina (Pea and Brodie Islands; Hatteras) ; and 

 South Carolina (Beaufort). 



Winters from southern part of its breeding range, chiefly south of 

 New Jersey, occasionally as far north as southern Connecticut and 

 southern Massachusetts; New York (Far Kockaway, Long Island), 

 and south to Georgia (Savannah, St. Marys, and Sapelo Island) and 

 to Florida (Amelia Island). 



Casual in Massachusetts (Ipswich, East Orleans, Springfield, 

 Kingston, Boston, Plymouth) ; New Hampshire (Portsmouth) ; Ver- 

 mont (Burlington); and Maine (Popham Beach, Sabattus Pond), 

 and in the interior of New York State (Ossining) and Virginia 

 (Lexington). 



Accidental in Bahama Islands ; one record from Watling Island. 



Type locality. — "In Noveboraco"; restricted tyj)e locality, Long 

 Island, N. Y. 



[72oMms] crepitans Gmexin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 17S9, 713 (summer in New 

 York ; based on Clapper Rail Pennant, Arctic Zool., ii, 1781, 490 ; Latliam, 

 Synopsis Birds, iii, 1785, 229).— Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 756.— 

 Laweence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, viii, 1866, 295 (vicinity New 

 York City).— Sharpe, Hand-list, i, 1899, 94, part. 



Rallus crepitans Tueton, Syst. Nat., i, 1806, 430 (New York). — Wilson, Amer. 

 Orn., vii, 1813, 112, part (not pi. 02, fig. 2, which=i2. elegans). — Vieillot, 

 Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 550. — Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 

 New York, ii, 1827, 333; Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, 53.— Lesson, Traite 

 d'Orn., 1831, 536. — Nuttall, Man. Orn. United States and Canada, Water 

 Birds, 1834, 201.— Audubon, Orn. Biogr., iii, 1835, 33, pi. 214; v, 1839, 570; 

 Synopsis, 1839, 215; Birds Amer., 8vo ed., v, 1842, 165, pi. 310.— Giralt), 

 Birds Long Island, 1844, 206.— Putnam, Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 229 

 (Essex County, Mass.). — Cassin, in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 

 747, part (Cape May, N. J.).— Baird, Cat. North Amer. Birds, 1859, No. 553, 

 part. — ^AiXEN, Proc. Essex Inst, iv, 1864, 87 (rare in Massachusetts). — 

 McIlwraith, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 93 (Massachusetts). — Lawrence, 

 Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, viii, 1866, 295 (vicinity New York City).— 

 CouES, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 296 (New England) ; Amer. Nat., iii, 1870, 



" Twenty-one specimens from Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Vir- 

 ginia, and North Carolina. 

 *" Seventeen specimens from New Jersey, Virginia, and North Carolina. 



