BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 213 



and throat less ochraceous than in aduh — pale pinkish buff to whitish ; 

 feathers of breast whitish tinged with pale ochraceous-buff and trans- 

 versely spotted (the bars broken into spots) with Front's brown to clove 

 brown, the spots tending to coalesce into bars on the more posterior 

 breast feathers ; sides and flanks pale ochraceous-buff heavily barred with 

 dark buffy brown to sepia ; abdomen and thighs whitish barred with huffy 

 brown to pale buffy brown, the bars faint and small on the middle of the 

 abdomen ; under tail coverts white with transverse spots of dark buffy 

 brown. 



Downy young. — Similar to that of the nominate race but richer yellow 

 below — straw yellow, the breast washed with yellow ocher; the top of 

 head ochraceous-tawny (Isabella color in T. c. cupido), and lower back 

 and rump ochraceous-buff to ochraceous-tawny; the dark markings as in 

 the nominate race. 



Adult niale.—Wmg 217-241 (226) ; tail 90-103 (96.2) ; exposed 

 culmen 16-21 (18.7) ; tarsus 46.5-51.5 (49.7) ; middle toe without claw 

 43-47 (45) ; height of bill at base 9.5-13.5 (11.4 mm.)}^ 



Adult female— Wing 208-220 (219) ; tail 87.5-93.5 (90.3) ; exposed 

 culmen 17-19.5 (18.6); tarsus 46-52 (49.1); middle toe without claw 

 41-44.6 (43) ; height of bill at base 10-12 (11.3 mm.).i8 



Range. — Resident in the prairie districts of the Mississippi Valley from 

 central Alberta (Edmonton; casually as far north as Lac la Biche), south- 

 ern Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba south through the Dakotas, 

 Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan and southern Ontario (Wallace- 

 burg) to southeastern Michigan, western and southern Indiana, north- 

 western Ohio, and (probably, formerly) western Kentucky in the east,^'' 

 and through Nebraska and central Kansas to eastern Colorado (Barton 

 and Barr), southeastern Wyoming (Chugwater), and to Oklahoma 

 (where now largely gone) and to extreme northern Texas (Gainesville, 

 Cooke County, and Tascosa). 



Occasional in Montana (1 record — near Huntley); in winter to 

 Arkansas. While this form does migrate to some extent, the limits of 

 its winter range are largely contained within the breeding range ; it occurs 

 casually in winter in northern Louisiana. 



Type locality. — Vermillion, S. Dak. 



Tctrao cupido (not of Linnaeus) Wilson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 104, part, pi. 27, 

 fig. 1.— ViEiLLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., xxxiii, 1819, 448, part (Kentucky; 

 "plains of the Columbia River"). — Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 

 ii, pt. 1, 1826, 126, part; ii, 1828, 442, part; Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, 44, part. 



" Seventeen specimens from Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, and northern 

 Texas. 



" Eleven specimens from Michigan, North Dakota, Nebraska, and northern Texas. 



^" The subspecific status of the Kentucky birds is uncertain; the species is extinct 

 there and no local specimens appear to have been preserved. 

 653008°— 46 15 



