BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 225 



fuscous-black; other tail feathers with long attenuated narrowly pointed 

 tips extending far beyond (75 mm. or more) the central rectrices, dark 

 dull olive-brown in color, with lengthwise irregular and incomplete wavy 

 markings of tilleul buff on the outer webs and close to the shafts on 

 the inner webs, these pale markings reduced or almost absent on the 

 protruding narrow terminal portions of the feathers; lores, circumocular 

 area, and auriculars mummy brown ; a discontinuous white line from the 

 gape to the front and below the eye ; lower eyelid largely whitish ; cheeks 

 whitish splotched and speckled with mummy brown ; chin and upper throat 

 white thickly speckled with dark buffy brown, the more lateral of these 

 markings darker — approaching mummy brown; following this a white 

 V-shaped band across the throat to the auriculars ; lower throat forming 

 a broad band of pinkish buff, the feathers crossed by narrow bars of 

 fuscous ; immediately posterior to this band the feathers are white tipped 

 with dark buffy brown to dark olive-brown; two large bare gular sacs 

 on lower throat completely surrounded with white feathers with narrow 

 mummy brown tips ; posterior to these feathers on each side, but not on 

 the midventral area, are patches of very stiff, short, white feathers with 

 strong yellowish-white shafts and reduced white vanes ; on each side of 

 neck is a patch of fluffy, soft, long, white feathers, and at the anterior 

 end of this are a number of long black hairlike feathers, the shortest 

 about 75 mm. and the longest twice that length (by July these are worn 

 down to mere stubs, but in fresh nuptial plumage they are very striking) ; 

 breast feathers long, white, tipped with fuscous-black and with narrow 

 blackish shafts, some of which protrude beyond the vanes giving a hair- 

 like appearance, the more anterior of these feathers with the blackish 

 "tips" actually terminally edged with white and very small in size, the 

 more posterior ones with no such white edges and with the da,rk spots 

 large; sides with the upper (dorsal) vane of the feathers similar to 

 those of the back but with a coarser pattern, the lower (more ventral) 

 vane solid fuscous-black broadly tipped with white ; flanks like the lower 

 back ; abdomen solid fuscous to fuscous-black ; under tail coverts similar 

 but broadly tipped with white ; thighs drab obscurely barred and speckled 

 with dusky buft'y brown ; under wing coverts white ; iris light brown, 

 the pupils bluish black; bill black; gular sacs olive-green; toes and 

 claws black. 



Adult fcfimle. — Similar to the adult male but smaller and without the 

 four long stiff black feathers on each side of the neck, without gular 

 sacs and the patches of short stiff white feathers on each side ; the chin 

 and upper throat without dusky brown specklings, the lower throat and 

 breast light pinkish buff crossed with narrow bars of blackish, the posterior 

 pectoral and anterior abdominal feathers white tipped with black but with 

 white shafts (black in male), and lower abdomen and vent drab barred 

 with dark buffy brown to olive-brown like the thighs; lores, suboculars, 



