BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 129 



Adult male.—\Tmg 126-138 (132.7) ; tail 45.5-47 (46.5) ; exposed 

 culmen 21-23 (22.2) ; tarsus 36-38 (37) ; middle toe without claw 

 33-38 (36 mm.)." 



Adult fe7imle.—Wmg 132-137 (134.3) ; tail 48-51 (50) ; exposed 

 culmen 22; tarsus 35.5-38 (36.7); middle toe without claw 32-37 

 (34.2 mm.).^« 



Range. — Breeds in the greater part of Europe from Norway, 

 Sweden, Faeroes, to Pyrenees, north Italy, and Macedonia, east to 

 Russia, central Asia (Turkestan), and western Siberia (Lena and 

 Yenisei Rivers). 



Winters in Africa, Arabia, and (uncommonly) northern India. 



Casual in Madeira, the Canary Islands, Bermuda, Greenland (God- 

 thaab), Baffin Island (near Cape Dorset), Newfoundland (St. 

 Shotts), Nova Scotia (Pictou), Ontario, Maine (Falmouth), Rhode 

 Island (Cranston), Connecticut (Saybrook), New York (Long 

 Island), New Jersey (Salem, Bridgetown, Cape May), Pennsylvania 

 (near Philadelphia), Maryland (Hursley), and Virginia (doubtful). 



Accidental in Australia and New Zealand. 



Tyjye locality. — Europe ; restricted type locality, Sweden. 



[_Rallus'\ crex Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 153 (Sweden ; based on Fauna 

 Sueeica, 162) ; ed. 12, i, 1766, 261. 



Rallus crex Bbunnich, Orn. Bor., 1764, 58. — Scopoli, Bemerk. ed. Giinther, 1770, 

 124.— ScHAEFFER, Mus. Orn., 1789, 51.— Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 176.— 

 ViEiLLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 553. — Wright, Ibis, 1864, 145 

 (Malta). 



Rallus rex Kltjk, Hist. Nat., ii, 1779, 299. 



\_Oallimila'\ crex Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 766. 



QalKnula crex Temminck, Man. d'Orn., ed. 2, 1820, 687; v, 1840, 439. — ^Webneb, 

 Atlas, Grallatores, 1827, pi. 34.— Gould, Birds Europe, iv, 1837, pi. 341 and 

 text. — Yabbell, Brit. Birds, iii, 1843, 6. — Holm, Naturh. Tiddsk., ser. 2, ii, 

 1848, 484 (Faroe Islands).— Godman, Ibis, 1861, 90 (Norway). 



Ortygometra crex Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm., etc., Brit. Mus., 1816, 34. — Stephens, 

 Shaw's Gen. Zool., xii, pt. i, 1824, 218, pi. 26.— Harcourt, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 London, 1851, 146 (Madeira) . — Reinhardt ( J.) , Journ. fiir Orn., 1854, 425, 441 

 (Greenland) ; Ibis, 1861, 11 (Godthaab, Greenland, 1 specimen, 1851). — 

 SuNDEVAix, Svenska Fogl., 1856, pi. 45, fig. 2. — Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 London, 1863, 321 (China?).— Salvadori, Journ. fiir Orn., 1865, 281 (Sar- 

 dinia). — Droste, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 345 (Faroes). — Fritsch, Naturg. Vog. 

 Eur., 1870, pi. 32, figs. 2, 6.— Bakratt, Ibis, 1876, 213 (Lydenburg, Transvaal). 



[Ortygometra} crex Gray, Hand-list, iii, 1871, 62, No. 10450. 



'^ Three specimens from Scotland, England, and Holland. 



^ Three specimens from England, Norway, and Hungary. Witherby et al., 

 (Practical Handbook British Birds, ii, 1924, p. 828) give the following measure- 

 ments of a moi"e extensive sei'ies: Male (15 si)ecimens), wing 135-150, tail 

 40-50; exposed culmen 20-23; tarsus 34-43; female (number not stated), wing 

 130-145; exposed culmen 19^23 mm. 



