BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 209 



Asia Minor, northern Persia, India, China, Japan, and Sakhalin; also 

 breeds in Iceland and the Azores. 



Winters throughout all but the northern part of its breeding range, 

 and south to northwest Africa, to the Blue Nile, and to Java and 

 Celebes; occasional in Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Madeira, and the 

 Canary Islands; accidental in North America (Labrador coast-Tang- 

 naivik Island, Anaktalak Bay; Separation Point, Sandwich Bay; and 

 Newfoundland— Exploits Harbor) . 



Tyfe locality. — Sweden. 

 IFxaxm^ atra Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 152 (Europe) ; ed, 12, i 1766, 

 '>57 — BRtJNNiCH, Orn. Bor., 1764, 58 (Norway; Cimbria).— Latham, Synop- 

 sis Birds, Suppl., i, 1787, 294; Index Orn., ii, 1790, 777, part.-GMELiN, 

 Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 1789, 702.-Gray, Hand-list, iii, 1871, 67, No. 10513.— 

 Sharpe, Handlist, i, 1899, 109. 

 Fulica atra Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1S07, 180; Man. d'Orn., ed. 2, 1820,-06.- 

 ViEiLLOT Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., xiii, 1817, 48, part.— Stephens, Shaw s Gen. 

 ZooL xii, pt. i, 1824, 234, pi. 29, part.— Gould, Birds Europe, iv, 1837, pi. 

 338 and text ; Birds Great Britain, iv, 1862, pi. 84 and text.-NAUMANN, 

 Nat Vog. Deutsehlands, ix, 1838, 635, pi. 241.-Magillivray, Man. Brit. Orn 

 ii 1842 118; Hist. Brit. Birds, 1852, 560.— Schlegel, Rev. Crit., 1844, 

 p' cii- Vog. Nederl., 1854, pi. 257; Dieren Nederl., Vog., 1861, pi. 26, fig. 

 1 ; Mu's. Pays-Bas, v. No. 30, livr. 7, 1865, 60, part.-HoLM, Naturh. Tidsskr., 

 ser *> ii 1848, 514 (Faroe Islands).— Degland and Gerbe, Orn. Europ., ii, 

 1867"^268— Droste, Journ. fiir Orn., x\'ii, 1869. 345 (Faroe Islands).— Swin- 

 HOE,'proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, 415 (China ; Formosa).— Harting, Handb. 

 Brit Birds 1872, 58.— Taczanowski, Journ. fiir Orn., xxi, 1873 (e. Siberia). 

 BBOOKB, Ibis, 1873, 336 (Sardinia). -Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, 472 (Tonghoo, 

 Burma ).-REiNHARDT, Vid. Medd. Nat. For., 1877-78, p. ii (Greenland). - 

 Blakiston and Preyek, Ibis, 1878, 225 (north of Tokio, Japan).— Dresser, 

 Birds Europe, vii, pt. 73, 1871-81, 327, pi. 504, fig. 2.-Scully, Ibis, 1881, 

 590 (Gilgit India).— SwiNHOE, Ibis, 1882, 122 (Kandehar and Quetta, s. 

 Afghanistan).— Seebohm, Ibis, 1882, 226 (Astrackhan), 382 (Archangel, 

 n Russia). -Coues, Check List, ed. 2, 1882, 136 (no. 885). -Saunders, 

 ed Yarrell's Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1883, 171.— Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 

 Water Birds North Amer., i, 1884, 398.— Marshaix, Ibis, 1884, 424 (Chamba, 

 uw. Himalayas).— American Oknithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 

 and ed. 2, 1895, No. 220 ; ed. 3, 1910, 106.— Giglioli and Salvadoki, Froc. Zool. 

 Soc London, 1887, 588 (Possietti Bay, e. Siberia; crit.).— Koenig, Journ. fiir 

 Orn xxxviii, 1890, 424 (Canary Islands) ; xli, 1893, 88 ( Tunis ).-Hartwig, 

 Jour'n. fur Orn., xli, 1893, ii ( Madeira ).-Blagg, Ibis, 1893, 355 (Shetland 

 Islands).— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiii, 1894, 210.— Popham, Ibis, 

 1898, 572 (Krasnoyarsk, Yenisei River, Siberia).— Slater, Man. Birds Ice- 

 land' 1901, 81 (occasional visitor).— Hartert, Nov. Zool., viii, 1901, 306 

 (Canary Islands).— Pogge, Journ. fiir Orn., 1, 1902, 384 (ne. China ) .—Walton, 

 Ibis, 1903, 33 (Pekin, China).— Bangs, Proc. New England Zool. Club, iii, 

 1903 95 (Liu Kiu Islands).— Jesse, Ibis, 1903, 158 (Lucknow, India; 

 habits) —Hartert and Grant, Nov. Zool., xii, 1905, 95 (San Miguel, 

 Azores). -Cooke, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 128, 1914, 43 (range). -British 

 Ornithologists' Union, List Brit. Birds, ed. 2, 1915, 306.— McAtee, U. S. 

 Dept. Agr. Misc. Circ. 13, 1923, 45 (local names; range).— Greschik, Aquila, 



